Lax Martínez University of Lausanne Bruno Le Feuvre WIPO Economics and Statistics Division Kyle Bergquist WIPO Economics and Statistics Division Measuring womens participation ID: 797533
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Slide1
Geneva July 6, 2017
Gema
Lax Martínez, University of LausanneBruno Le Feuvre, WIPO, Economics and Statistics DivisionKyle Bergquist, WIPO, Economics and Statistics Division
Measuring women’s
participation
in
international patenting
Slide2OutlinePart I - Research & methodologyPart II - Statistical resultsPart III - Further Research2
Slide3Part I Research & methodologyGema Lax Martínez, University of Lausanne3
Slide44Gender Research
Slide5Why it matters?Women contribute to all fields of creativity, yet they remain underrepresented, including in advanced economies.“Leaky pipeline”: Gender inequality is increasingly worse along a researcher career Lack of encouragement and lower position in the hierarchy explain any productivity gapWhile women patent less, the quality and impact of their patents are equal or betterAll studies pointed to the need for more data broken down by gender.
5
Slide6What can be done?Direct: Self-declaration + Captures information directly at source – Cannot be applied retroactivelyIndirect: Attribution based on secondary source+ Can be as reliable as primary – Difficult to collect in multiple countries and years Indirect: Attribution based on name gender semantics + Can be applied retroactively– Difficult for languages without clear-cut rules. Indirect: Attribution based on name-gender dictionary+ Can be applied retroactively
– Depends heavily on the dictionary coverage6
Slide7What have we done? World Gender-Name DictionaryConsolidated 14 different sourcesExtended for 12 languagesContains 6.2 million namesfor 182 different countries7
Slide8What have we done? We applied the WGND to the patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) System: Inventors and individual applicants9 millionsGender attribution 96.1
%
Gender attribution by country of residence8
Slide9World Intellectual Property Indicators2016 edition
Special theme
Measuring women’s participation in international patenting
Slide10Part II statistical resultsBruno Le Feuvre, WIPO, Economics and Statistics Division
Slide11PCT Yearly Review, 2017 edition
Gender MainstreamingStatistics on women inventors have become part of the regular reporting on the PCT System
Slide12Share and number of PCT applications with women inventors
Slide13Share of PCT applications with women inventors for the top 20 origins, 2016
Slide14Share for selected fields of technology
Slide15PCT applications with women inventors by institutional sector
Slide16When will we achieve gender balance?
Slide17Part III Further ResearchKyle Bergquist, WIPO, Economics and Statistics Division17
Slide18New developmentsIdentify gender in Hague and Madrid Systems statisticsIncrease sources of World Gender-Name DictionaryRefine gender indicators Link to different data sources
Slide19Global innovation index, 2017 editionIdentified and ranked global clusters via inventors’
geolocation
Shows the share of women inventors for the top 100 clusters in the worldFor example 31.3% of PCT applications filed in Beijing had women inventors
Slide20All listed inventorsShenzen- Hong Kong (China)
Tokyo-Yokohama
San Jose-San FranciscoSeoul
Slide21All listed female inventors
Slide22Share of female inventors to all inventorsShenzhen-Hong Kong (China)28.9%Tokyo-Yokohama
8.5%
San Jose-San Francisco15.0%Seoul27.5%
Slide23All inventors: Northeast USChicago, IL
Cleveland, OH
Washington DCPhiladelphia, PACincinnati, OH
New York, NY
Boston-Cambridge, MA
Hartford, CT
Slide24Share of female inventors: Northeast USChicago 13.1%
Cleveland11.2%
Washington DC19.4%Philadelphia19.6
Cincinnati
14.6%
New York
20.0%
Boston-Cambridge
17.4%
Hartford
9.7%
Slide25Top technology sector: Northeast USChicago, IL
Cleveland, OH
Washington DCPhiladelphia, PACincinnati, OH
New York, NY
Boston-Cambridge, MA
Hartford, CT
Slide26ConclusionThe World Gender-Name Dictionary is a valuable contribution to gender studies in multiple areas of researchGender participation in the IP system is getting better. Progress is observed in most countries, in all technical fields and in both academic institutions and companiesHowever, it remains far from balanced and women participation in patenting is not equally distributed across countries, technologies and sectorsPossible extensions to statistics of the Madrid and Hague systems & other research (see part III)
Slide27Thank you!Questions?