Essential Question How did Greek culture spread Alexander the great The Macedonians north of Greece emerged as a powerful kingdom King Philip II took control and wanted to unite Greece under Macedonia and eventually conquer Persia ID: 801309
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Slide1
Ancient Greece: Hellenistic age
Essential Question:
How did Greek culture spread?
Slide2Alexander the great
The Macedonians north of Greece emerged as a powerful kingdom.
King Philip II took control and wanted to unite Greece under Macedonia and eventually conquer Persia
He was assassinated, so the task was left to his son - Alexander
Slide3Alexander the great
Taking charge at age 20, Alexander was successful
Slide4Alexander the Great
Slide5Hellenistic Age
Alexander’s conquests created an empire that led to an expansion of the Greek language and Greek ideas to the non-Greek world.
This is known as the
Hellenistic Age (Hellas = Greece)
Slide6Hellenistic Age
What was the language and culture of the Hellenistic world?
Greek. That became the
lingua franca of all of the subject peoples. Lingua franca – language of trade and communication
Slide7From Greece to Rome
Alexander died by age 32
By 300 B.C., four Hellenistic kingdoms emerged as the successors to Alexander
All of these were eventually conquered by the Romans
Much of Greek culture, art and literature permeated Roman society, whose elite spoke and read Greek as well as Latin
Slide8The Rise of Rome
Essential Question:
What led to the rise of Rome?
Slide9Geography of
rome
18 miles inland on Tiber River
Access to sea
Safe from pirates
Built on 7 hills
Easily defended
Built on an easy crossing point of the Tiber River
Trade and expansion made easier
Slide10Rise of Rome
The early Romans were ruled by kings
Rome grew quickly as a cultural and trade center on the Italian peninsula.
Italy 500 B.C.
Slide11Rome: A republic
In 509 B.C., the Romans established a republic
Republic
– form of government in which the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote
Rome 200 B.C.
Slide12Roman republic
PATRICIANS
PLEBEIANS
Ruling class
Great landowners
Only patricians served in Senate and held public office
Majority of the people
Small landowners, craftspeople, merchants, farmers
Served in council of the plebs
Slide13Rome: A republic
Why wasn’t Rome a true democracy?
Only Patricians could be elected to government office and serve in the Senate
Slide14Slide15Culture and society pizza
Slide16Family life
Paterfamilias
= the dominant male in the family (think patriarchal)
Early on in Rome, husbands had absolute authority over their wifeBy the 2nd
century A.D., Roman women had more freedoms (but they still couldn’t be in politics)
Slide17slavery
Slaves were taken from the conquered regions
Many Greeks were taken as slaves and took on jobs such as…
What’s so special about the Greeks?
Slide18economy
Slide19Architecture and engineering
Columns and arches
Aqueducts =transport water!!
Long stone channels to carry clean water from nearby hills to the city
Slide20Slide21Slide22Language
Main language = Latin
Lingua franca = Greek
How has Latin influenced languages of the world today?
Slide23language
These are called the “Romance languages”
Slide24Rome and the rise of christianity
Essential Questions:
How did Christianity spread as a major world religion?
How has ancient Rome impacted the modern world?
Slide25Religion of
rome
Gods and Goddesses
polytheistic
Slide26Religion of
rome
Polytheistic
Emperors became gods
Conquered peoples adopted these new gods
What about those who were monotheistic?
What group of people were monotheistic at this time?
Slide27Slide28JudAEA
UNDER ROMAN CONTROL
By A.D. 6, Judaea (lands of the old Jewish kingdom) had been made a Roman province and placed under the control of a Roman official
- different Jewish groups had different views about Roman rule
Slide29JESUS
A Jewish prophet named Jesus traveled and preached throughout Judaea and neighboring areas
His preaching stirred controversy, and some people saw him as a potential revolutionary who might lead a revolt against Rome
He was turned over to the Roman authorities and the Roman official in charge of Judaea had him crucified
Slide30Jesus
What do his followers believe happened to Jesus?
After the reports that Jesus had overcome death, the Christian movement won followers in Jerusalem and throughout Judaea
Apostles began to spread the message that Jesus was the Son of God who had come to Earth to save humanity
Slide31Christianity in the roman empire
Christianity grew in popularity. Why?
Life After Death
:
Christianity promised life after death in heaven.
In the Roman religion, only gods went to heaven.
Emperors were considered gods. Everyone else went to the underworld.
Equality
:
Christianity promised equal opportunity.
You had to be born into the nobility.
You could join Christianity and be equally a Christian.
Slide32Christianity in the roman empire
Many Romans came to view Christians as harmful to the Roman state
Why? Christians refused to worship the state gods and emperors.
Christians were persecuted (harassed to cause suffering) for 300 years.
Slide33Christianity in the roman empire
In the fourth century (A.D. 300s) the Roman emperor
Constantine
became the first Christian emperor.He issued the
Edict of Milan
, which proclaimed official tolerance of Christianity
Slide34Christianity in the roman empire
Under Theodosius the Great (A.D. 378-395), the Romans adopted Christianity as their
official religion
Slide35Dig deep in your brain and think back to 5 minutes ago…
Give 2 examples of Roman influence you still see in the world today.
Describe religion in ancient Rome before Christianity
was popularWho became the first Christian emperor of the Roman Empire?
Slide36Rome: From republic to empire
Essential Question:
How did ancient Rome become an empire?
Slide37Let’s review the past few days
509 B.C
.: Rome becomes a republic
264-129 B.C.
Rome gained territory through conquests
Slide38The Collapse of the Republic
82 to 31 B.C.
Civil wars overwhelmed Rome
3 men emerged victorious = First Triumvirate
(Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar)
Triumvirate
is a government by three people with equal power
Who emerged as the one leader?
Slide39Julius caesar
Julius Caesar became dictator in 47 B.C.
Dictator = absolute ruler
He gave land to the poor & expanded the Senate to 900 filling it with his
supporters
& weakening its power.
A Group of leading senators
assassinated
Caesar in 44 B.C.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je0gTnheVe4
Slide40Octavian (augustus
)
After Caesar’s assassination, fights for power took place…
His nephew Octavian eventually gained powergiven the title Augustus by the Senatealso given the title “imperator” – What modern English word comes from this?
Slide41Pax
romana
AD 96 – AD 180
Rome reached a period of peace and prosperity
The empire reached its height in 200 A.D.
Slide42Fall of rome
Essential Question:
What led to the decline and fall of Rome?
Slide43The decline…
Marcus Aurelius, the last of the five good emperors of the
pax
romana, died in A.D. 180Civil wars, military government, and anarchy followFrom 235-284, there were 22 emperors. Many of them met a violent death.
Invasions
Plague (an epidemic disease)
Slide44The decline…
The empire was split:
Western Roman Empire
Capital = Rome
Eastern Roman Empire
Capital = Constantinople
Slide45Slide46The fall…
Western Roman Empire came under pressure from the invading Germanic tribes
Visigoths
Vandals In 476, the western emperor Romulus Augustus was removed from power = date of the fall of the Western Roman Empire