Characteristics of Life - PowerPoint Presentation

Characteristics of Life Biology 1 APG

6 Characteristics Made of Cells - cells are the most basic unit of life, single cell organisms do exist Reproduce – offspring must be produced before an organism dies so the species can live on Evolve – change over time, pass on beneficial traits so the next generation is better off Organization – individual cells have organization, entire organism has organization (ex: body systems) Metabolize – needs, uses, and processes energy/food to grow and repair Respond – will make changes in response to something in the environment

1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life? A) Living things are adapted to a particular way of life. B) Living things respond to stimuli. C) Living things reproduce. D) Living things have an internal (inside) environment that stays absolutely constant. Do Now! 10/20 2. Food provides nutrient molecules, which are used either as building blocks or for ______. A) evolution B) reproduction C) response D) metabolism Get your folder. In the Do Now section, write down the main idea of the question and the full answer.

Chemistry in Biology Chemistry = The study of changes in matter Matter = Anything that: a) Occupies space [volume]b) Has mass [weight]

Atoms Are the building blocks of matter Atoms, are made up of: Neutrons (no charge) Protons (positive charge) Electrons (negative charge)n 0 (in nucleus) p+ (in nucleus) e-

Practice 1. Which part of an atom has a positive charge? Electrons Neutrons NucleusProtons 2. Which part of an atom circles or orbits around the outside?ElectronsNeutronsNeutral chargePositive charge

Elements Pure substances (composed of all the same kinds of atoms ) that cannot be broken down by physical or chemical means.Identified in the Periodic Table

118 Elements 92 Naturally Occurring All matter both living and non-living found in the table

Molecules Two or more of the SAME atoms that join together chemically

Compounds Two or more DIFFERENT elements that are chemically combined (Bonded)

Practice 1. An element is a pure substance in which there are how many kinds of atoms? A) two kinds of atoms B) four kinds of atoms C) three kinds of atoms D) one kind of atom 2. Which of the following is an example of an element?H2H2OCO2C6H12O6

Types or Size of Molecules Monomer- one molecule, compound or atom. One single sub-unit Polymer- two or more monomers bonded together

6 elements in ALL Living things: C H N OPS arbon*ydrogen*itrogen*xygen*hosphorusulfur* = most abundant in living things

Biomolecule Biomolecule- a molecule produced by a living organism , will have carbon in it and other elements from CHNOPS (sometimes referred to as organic compounds)

Practice Put the following letters in order of the acronym. P N C O H S

What do ALL Biomolecules have? Can form 4 bonds Forms neutral compounds (not charged) Forms long chains and branches, and rings CarbonBIG “macromolecules” Because…

Practice Match the terms with the correct definition. Write the number and answer. Two or more different types of atoms bonded together. A pure substance with all the same type of atoms Two or more monomers bonded togetherTwo or more of the same type of atoms bonded togetherA molecule produced by a living thingHas mass and volumeOne single sub-unitBiomoleculeCompoundElementMatterMoleculeMonomerPolymer

The nucleus of an atom contains: Electrons and Neutrons Neutrons and Protons Positive and negative charges All neutral particlesDo Now! 10/21 2. Two or more different elements bonded together is a:a. Atomb. Compoundc. Elementd. molecule Get your folder. In the Do Now section, write down the main idea of the question and the full answer.

What element is present in all Biomolecules and is central in their structure? What is a synonym for biomolecules? What does “macro” mean? Do Now! 10/21 Get your folder. In the Do Now section, answer the questions in complete sentences.

Do Now! 10/22 1. Which are the four most abundant elements in living cells ?carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen carbon, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus carbon, sulfur, hydrogen, magnesium _______ is a molecule and ________ is a compound.H2O, CO2O2, H2O2, CO2CO2, H2O Get your folder. In the Do Now section, write down the main idea of the question and the full answer.

Do Now! 9/26 Get your folder and page 1 of the SWH. THINK: ANSWER #1 on the SWH. “What do you think is the best way to lose weight?” (In other words…If you were to diet, how would you do it? What is the best diet?) Write your answer in complete sentences.PAIR: Discuss your answer with your tablemate.SHARE: Let’s discuss as a class.

1. Amino Acids are to protein as _______________? Fatty acid and glycerol are to lipid DNA is to RNA Simple sugars are to starchmonosaccharides are to fatDo Now! 10/23 2. What is the monomer of carbohydrates?Amino acidsNucleotidesFatty acidmonosaccharide Get your folder. In the Do Now section, write down the main idea of the question and the full answer.

What characteristics make carbon a good atom to use in macromolecules? Forms 4 bonds with other atoms Forms molecules with charges Forms small molecules with no more than 3 carbons Forms bonds with only other carbons and hydrogenDo Now! 10/23 cont. 2. If you are stranded on an island which macromolecule would you want to be able to consume (eat)?CarbohydratesLipidsNucleic AcidsProteins Get your folder. In the Do Now section, write down the main idea of the question and the full answer.

Macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids/Fats Proteins Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates (sugars and starches) Used for energy storage and production Carbohydrate- an organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C H2O)Made of simple sugars such as fructose and glucoseMonosaccharides- single sugar moleculeEx: glucose, fructose, galactoseDisaccharide- 2 monosaccharides (2 sugars), Ex: sucrose or table sugar

Polysaccharides - many sugars, complex carbohydrates ex: starch or cellulose Starch- energy storage compound, important food source for animals/humans Cellulose- gives plant cell walls their structure/support, used in wood and cotton fibers

Structure of Carbohydrates

Lipids (fats and oils) Best energy storage compound – 3 to 4 x’s more Lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Lipids- fats, oils, or waxes-fat like compoundsA fat molecule is made of 1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules

1 gram of fat has 3 to 4 times as much energy as 1 gram of carbohydrates…so it’s a more efficient storage compound Cholesterol - a lipid that is important to the structural component of cells -it also makes hormones for the body (estrogen and testosterone) -can be bad when there is too much (heart disease)

Phospholipid – type of lipid that makes up the cell membrane in all cells

Proteins Amino Acid - building block of proteins, 20 different amino acids , all have C, H, O, and N and some contain Sulfur2 Functions: structural components of cells or acts as an enzymes (function in chemical reactions)Some proteins build body parts such as muscle, bone, hair and feathers

To synthesize (make) a protein -> 2 or more amino acids link together Peptide bonds hold the amino acids togetherPolypeptide- long chain of amino acidsThousands of different proteins are made out of these 20 amino acids – number and combination of amino acids. Green plants can make all of the amino acidsAnimals and people cannot, which is why we have to eat a variety of foods to acquire them

Nucleic Acids A series of nucleotides linked together makes a nucleic acidNucleotide- is made up of a phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogen base. (CHNOP)

Two types of Nucleic acids 1. RNA- ribonucleic acid -required for the synthesis (making) of proteins 2. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid -determines genetic and hereditary information

Brainpop : “Body Chemistry”

Practice Place the terms into the correct boxes. Carbohydrate Protein LipidNucleic Acid Amino Acid NucleotideMonosaccharideGlycerol & 3 Fatty AcidsDNA & RNA Fats & Oils Sugars Meat & beansCHO CHOCHNOP CHON (S)Cellulose CholesterolPhosphate, Nitrogen Base & SugarPlants make all 20

Carbohydrate Protein Lipid Nucleic Acid

Biomolecule Quiz Match the correct biomolecule(s) with the following terms or statements*: *(You may use more than one letter per question.) Amino Acid________________ Basic Formula CH2O________Contains 2-3x more energy than other biomolecules__________Contains the elements CHO in its structure________________Stores and transmits genetic information________________Monosaccharide_____________Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids______Made up of Nucleotides_______Peptides Bonds______________Stores energy in covalent bonds______________________CarbohydrateLipidProteinNucleic Acid

Matching Practice Cellulose Cholesterol D isaccharideDNAmonomerPeptide BondPhospholipidPolymerPolysaccharideRNASugar that gives plant cell walls their structure2 or more monomers put togetherMakes up the cell membrane of all cellsCarries genetic information2 sugarsRequired for the synthesis of proteinsHolds together two amino acidsLipid that is an important component of cell structure, makes hormonesMany sugarsA single sub-unit (building block)

Isotopes are atoms of elements with a different number of neutrons Carbon 126 p+6 e-6 n 0Carbon 146 p+6 e- 8 n0Radioactive Isotopes Give off radiation (neutrons)