Classical Rome Greece & Rome - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Classical RomeSlide2
Slide3

Greece & Rome

Rome

GreeceSlide4

Roman Republic & EmpireSlide5

Jupiter, Juno, Apollo, Diana, Minerva, and Venus

Very similar to the Greek gods and goddesses!

Roman gods and goddessesSlide6

Rome: Centrally located in the Mediterranean Basin and distant from eastern Mediterranean powers

Italian PeninsulaAlps: Protection

Mediterranean Sea: Protection, sea-borne commerce

Locations and PlacesSlide7

Roman Republic & EmpireSlide8

Monday

Luna (

Luna)

   Tuesday

Mars (

Mars

)

Wednesday

Mercurius

(

Mercury

)

Thursday

Iuppiter

(

Jupiter

)

Friday

Venus (

Venus)  Saturday Saturnus (Saturn)  Sunday Sôl (Sol) 

Days of the WeekSlide9

Architectural

Concrete/mortar/cement Efficient highway system Mass entertainment

Aqueducts and viaductsThermal baths, central heating and floor heatingWine-making Roman alphabet

Latin language and descendantsRoman legal The Republic & Senate The Julian Calendar

Festivals The 3 course meal

Some Roman ContributionsSlide10

Roman MilitarySlide11

Where is Rome (the city) located?

Roman Religion is based on what other classical-age civilization?Rome is centrally located in the ________________ Basin.

Warm Up:Slide12

Patricians: Powerful nobility (few)

Plebeians: Regular Citizens (many)Slaves: Not based on race

Social StructureSlide13

Patrician and plebeian menSelected foreigners

Rights and responsibilities of citizenshipMilitary service

TaxesCitizenshipSlide14

Representative democracy – What is it?

Assemblies – decided electionsThe Senate

Consuls – Highest elected government officialsLaws of Rome codified as Twelve Tables

Democracy:Slide15

Who could be a Roman Citizen?How was slavery decided?

Name the two social classes of citizens.Rome is centrally located in the ______________ Basin.

Review:Slide16

What are each of these laws all about?

Why do you think each of these laws were written?The Twelve TablesSlide17

What was the name of that Roman Law Code that we examined last class?

Rome is known for beginning what kind of democracy?Rome had a senate and 2 __________ that were at the head of the government.

What do you think happens when you have a bunch of politicians in the same room for a long period of time?

Warm Up:Slide18

Founding of Rome –

The Roman

Race

The tale of Aeneas (The Aeneid

)Dido at Carthage and other travels (like The Odyssey

)

Historical evidence

Settlements from 11

th

Century BCSlide19

Founding of Rome –

The City (Kingdom)

of Rome

Romulus and RemusLatin princess was Vestal virgin

Raped by Mars, bore twin boys

Ordered killed by non-Latin king

Suckled by a wolf

Grew and founded a city (753BC)

Romulus killed Remus

Historic Evidence

The Etruscans conquered the Romans (non-Latin king)

Romans eventually overthrew Etruscans and established kingdom

Ruins of home of king (Romulus?) date from 8

th

Century BCSlide20

Founding of Rome

Myth:

771 BCE

Romulus and Remus

-Twin sons of the God of War, MarsSlide21

Reality: Probably Greek Colonists…

Founding of RomeSlide22

Etruscans

Romans have many periods of war and peace with

the Etruscans.

Tarquin the Proud: Last Etruscan King

Rome will continue to expand and evolve for the next couple hundred years…Slide23

Regal Period

Began with war of independence from Etruscans (500 BC)

War heroes exhibit desired qualities of RomansHoratio at the bridge (Oath of the

Horatii by Jacques Louis David)Stories became legends for Romans throughout their history

Compare to American War of IndependenceRegal period

Ruled by 7 kings

Revolted against last king to found the republicSlide24

Roman RepublicSlide25

Republican Government

Ruled by a senate and the people

SPQR= Senate and the People of RomeSenate (patricians) appointed consuls

(1 year)Foreign affairs and the militaryDirect access by the people to the consul

People (plebs) organized by tribes and they elected 10 tribunesGoverned local affairs

Had veto power

(individually)Slide26

Constitution

(balanced power)

Senate

Never made laws but advice was accepted

Had power to appoint a person to solve a specific problem (He was a "speaker" or "dictator")

Appointed censors (moral guardian/rank judge)

Appointed governors

Concilium

plebis

Made

all

the laws (called

plebecites

)

Elected magistrates (administrators) and judges

Comitia

Curiata

/

Centuriata

–

plebs and patricians

Committed the

emporium

(military power)

All met in the forum (looked over each other)Pontifex MaximusReligious leaderSlide27

Government

Comparisons with US government

Balance of powerSenate and House of Representatives

Consul (= president)Tribune (veto power)Courts (independent)

Military power (?)Censor (?)Slide28

Military Organization

Centuries — 100 armed men

Headed by

Centurian (from the ranks)

Maniples—3 CenturiesCould move quickly through difficult terrain (better than phalanx)

Independent decisions (tribunes)

Legions—groups of Maniples

6000 men

Supported by light cavalry

Discipline

Death for individual insubordination

Decimation for cowardiceSlide29

Warm Up:

Explain how the Roman Republic and our government in the USA are similar.Slide30

Roman Expansion (in Italy)

Conquest of Italy

Took 200 years

Granted full or partial citizenship

Tax and legal benefitsDeveloped loyalty in conquered Italian areas

Invasion by King Pyrrhus (pyrrhic victory

)

Roman colonies

Established in strategic locations

Established by treaty

Troops sent when needed

Customs of the area left intact

Colonies were mostly for trade, with some military purposesSlide31

Roman Expansion (outside Italy)

Conquest of the East and West

Allies rather than servants or slavesToleration

Corruption in the Greek kingdomsSome states given to the Romans

Fast, direct attacks with strong determination and disciplineOutnumbered in most battles

Victory over

ParthiaSlide32

Rome and Carthage were in competition for trade.

Hannibal invaded the Italian Peninsula.Three wars:

Roman victoryDestruction of CarthageExpanded trade and wealth for Rome

Punic Wars

: Rome vs. Carthage 264–146 b.c. [

b.c.e

.]Slide33
Slide34

Evolution of the Roman Military

SUCCESS:

Disciplined troops

Varied Types of Troops

Well- PaidExperiencedSlide35

How many Punic Wars were there?

Who were these wars between?Why did these two sides fight?

What were the overall results?

Warm Up:Slide36

Collapse of the Republic

Violence used to eliminate enemies and impose one’s will

GracchusRe-election to consulate (many times) and standing army

MariusAssumption of dictator powers, use of the army to override councils, proscription listSullaSlide37

Building an Empire

Structure of the "empire"

Still a republican form of government

Checks and balancesTwo parties emerged

Optimares (conservatives, Cato and Cicero)Populares (power to people)

Family

Values (according to the Romans)

Piety

Discipline

Frugality

Not greedy

Righteous wars

Never quitSlide38

Building an Empire

Status of Women

Absence of men at warWomen gained economic power

Ability to divorce and retain propertyMorals eventually eroded, in part because home-life erodedSlide39

Building an Empire

Slavery

Conquests increased the number of slavesConstituted 40% of the population

Conditions were poorRomans feared slave uprising

Slaves took jobs from the plebs so plebs were given food and other benefitsSlide40

First triumvirate: Caesar, Crassus, Pompey

Julius Caesar: Seizure of power, assassinated

Julius CaesarSlide41

Julius Caesar

100-44 BC

Early LifeBorn to aristocratic family

Caesarian sectionLegend that he descended from the gods

Known for partying and sexual appetiteCaptured by pirates and held for ransom

Returned to area and killed pirates

Appointed to a series of government jobs

Statue of AlexanderSlide42

Julius Caesar

Triumvirate

Praised for his work in Spain

Appointed governor in Gaul (conquest)Alliance with Crassus and Pompey to form the triumvirate (not initially, but later elected)

Rivalry with Pompey after death of Crassus

Crossing the Rubicon

Uprising in Asia

Veni, vidi, vici—I came, I saw, I conquered

Conquest of Egypt

CleopatraSlide43

Julius Caesar

Returned to Rome as a conquering hero

Procession for each territory on a different day (Gaul, Africa, Spain, Asia) and games for many additional days

Offered crown (as emperor) twice and refused it when people didn't respond favorablyDictator (rule by one man)

Appointed for 10 years and then for lifeCaesar’s plans for Rome

Calendar (July)

Libraries, theaters, other public works

Gave citizenship to people in Spain and GaulSlide44

Julius Caesar

Murder of Caesar

Killed by senatorial opponents

Instigated by his usurpation of power and their fear that he would become emperorDied March 15, 44 BC

Stabbed by 20 senatorsBrutus—illegitimate son

Mark Anthony and Octavian

Rallied against the conspiratorsSlide45

Roman Republic

Rome conquered Greece 150 BCRomans took on much Greek culture

Gods and goddesses parallel each otherGods had Indo-European rootsSlide46
Slide47

Building an Empire

Economics

Not enough land to support the peopleFarmers were needed and respected

Acquisition of wheat and other foods became a priorityVictory over Carthage provided more land

Rome was a consumerTrading profits made many Romans richExtremes of wealth and poverty

Citizens did not have to pay taxesSlide48

What does the diagram show? This PROCESS known as the _____________ ______________!

Warm UpSlide49

Archaeologists follow a similar process when dealing with ancient artifacts!

ArchaeologySlide50

Term used to describe material that is closest to the person, information, period, or idea being studied.

In other words…

Primary SourcesSlide51

When trying to gather evidence from a primary source, first try to answer these basic questions. (You may not have enough information to do so.)

What is it?

Who wrote or made it? When was it written or made? Where was it written or made? How was it written or made?

What evidence does this source contribute to my research?

First Ask These QuestionsSlide52

DO NOT TOUCH ITEM #5

In your group, attempt to answer the questions for each exhibit. You may not know the right answers, and this is OK!

At the end of the time period for each exhibit, the whistle will sound and prompt you to go to the next exhibit.DO NOT TOUCH ITEM #5

InstructionsSlide53

Remember last week?What

has Julius Caesar accomplished so far in our reconstruction of his life?Who are his main enemies? Politically? Militarily?

Warm Up:Slide54

Spread of slavery in the agricultural system

Migration of small farmers into cities and unemploymentCivil war over the power of Julius Caesar

Devaluation of Roman currency; inflation

Decline of the RepublicSlide55

Which 3 people made up the first triumvirate?

Explain why the Republic of Rome declined. Give examples to support your reasoning.The assassination of Julius Caesar had a severe consequence for the Roman people… What was it?

How can we describe an EMPIRE ?

Warm Up:Slide56

a geographically extensive group of states and peoples (

ethnic groups) united and ruled either by a monarch

(emperor, empress) or an oligarchy.

a state with politico-military dominion of populations who are culturally and ethnically distinct from the imperial (ruling) ethnic group and its culture

The EMPIRE Strikes BackSlide57

Augustus Caesar: Civil war, defeat of Marc Anthony, Rome’s first emperor

Imperial RomeSlide58

Empire: Unified and enlarged, using imperial authority and the military

Imperial RomeSlide59
Slide60

Failed to provide for peaceful succession of Emperors

Imperial RomeSlide61

List_of_Roman_Emperors

Ruling an EmpireSlide62

Why did the Roman Republic fail to survive challenges by Julius Caesar?

How did an imperial monarchy come to rule Rome?

Warm Up:Slide63

What was the Pax

Romana?What was the impact of the

Pax Romana on the Roman Empire?

Objectives:Slide64

Two centuries of peace and prosperity under imperial rule

Expansion of the Roman Empire, particularly in the Near East

Pax Romana

(27 BC to 180 AD)Slide65

Established uniform system of money, which helped to expand trade

Guaranteed safe travel and trade on Roman roadsPromoted prosperity and stability

Economic ImpactSlide66

Returned stability to social classes

Increased emphasis on the family

Social ImpactSlide67

Created a civil service system

Developed a uniform rule of law

Political ImpactSlide68

What was the Pax

Romana?What was the impact of the Pax

Romana on the Roman Empire?

Warm Up:Slide69

Explain the history of Christianity and how it spread throughout the Roman Empire.

List the major world-changing accomplishment of Emperor Constantine.Name the contributions of Rome to today’s society.

Objectives:Slide70

Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity and made it legal.

Christianity later became the official state religion.Loyalty to the Church became more important than loyalty to the Emperor.

The Church became the unifying force of Western Europe.

Christianity in the late Roman EmpireSlide71

Constantine & ChristianitySlide72

Art and architecture: Pantheon,

Colosseum, Forum

Roman ContributionsSlide73

Technology: Roads, aqueducts, Roman arches

Roman ContributionsSlide74

Medicine: Emphasis on public health

Roman ContributionsSlide75

Roman ContributionsSlide76

Explain how Christianity spread throughout the Roman Empire.

What was the major world-changing accomplishment of Emperor Constantine?Name some contributions of Rome to today’s society.

Warm Up:Slide77

List causes for the decline of the Western Roman Empire.

Explain how the empire divided into East and West.Objectives:Slide78

Geographic size: Difficulty of defense and administration

Causes for the decline of the Western Roman EmpireSlide79

Economy: The cost of defense, and devaluation of Roman currency

Causes for the decline of the Western Roman EmpireSlide80

Military: Army membership started to include non-Romans, resulting in decline of discipline

Causes for the decline of the Western Roman EmpireSlide81

Moral decay: People’s loss of faith in Rome and the family

Causes for the decline of the Western Roman EmpireSlide82

Political problems: Civil conflict and weak administration

Causes for the decline of the Western Roman EmpireSlide83

Invasion: Attacks on borders

Causes for the decline of the Western Roman EmpireSlide84

Move of the capital by Constantine from Rome to Byzantium, renaming it Constantinople

Survival of the Western Roman Empire until 476 a.d.

when it ceased to have a Roman EmperorEastern Roman Empire becomes known as the Byzantine Empire

Division of the Roman EmpireSlide85
Slide86

476 ADSlide87

WRITE A SHORT REPORT TO BE PRESENTED TO THE EMPEROR.

IT SHOULD INCLUDE:The 3 biggest problems faced by the Roman Empire.

a) Explain why you choose it.b) Write down any possible solutions to it.c) Repeat for your second and third biggest problems.

Fall of the Empire Writing