57A Explore the processes that led to the formation of sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels 1 The diagram below shows the sequence of the processes that turn solid rock into sandstone Solid rock ID: 410617
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Slide1
Earth Boot Camp
5.7A: Explore the processes that led to the formation of sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels. Slide2
1. The diagram below shows the sequence of the processes that turn solid rock into sandstone:
Solid rock Beach Sand Sandstone
Which two processes best complete this diagram?
A. Melting and coolingB. Erosion and compactionC. Compaction and cementationD. Evaporation and dissolving
Weathering,Erosion, anddeposition
?
STAAR 2013; #17; RC 3; Readiness; 5.2DSlide3
1. The diagram below shows the sequence of the processes that turn solid rock into sandstone:
Solid rock Beach Sand Sandstone
Which two processes best complete this diagram?
A. Melting and coolingB. Erosion and compactionC. Compaction and cementation (because sandstone is a SEDIMENTARY rock)
D. Evaporation and dissolvingWeathering,Erosion, and
deposition
?
STAAR 2013; #17; RC 3; Readiness; 5.2DSlide4
2. Fossil fuels formed over a long period of time because heat and pressure were applied to
—A carbon filtered through limestoneB organisms buried in the groundC bacteria on top of the mud
D
nitrogen mixed in the waterRelease Items2006—#23 (72%)Slide5
2. Fossil fuels formed over a long period of time because heat and pressure were applied to
—A carbon filtered through limestoneB organisms buried in the groundC
bacteria on top of the mud
D nitrogen mixed in the waterRelease Items
2006—#23 (72%)Slide6
3. The
finger-like formations in the cavern shown to the right are called stalactites and stalagmites. Which process most likely formed these stalactites and stalagmites? A Slow deposition of
minerals
B Fast erosion of soilC Fast rising of waterD Slow cooling of air
2011—STAAR™ Released Test Questions, #7Slide7
3. The
finger-like formations in the cavern shown to the right are called stalactites and stalagmites. Which process most likely formed these stalactites and stalagmites? A
Slow deposition of
mineralsB Fast erosion of soilC Fast rising of waterD
Slow cooling of air2011—STAAR™ Released Test Questions, #7Slide8
4. Coal is a nonrenewable resource that was formed hundreds of millions of years ago in swampy areas. Coal was formed from —
A silica rich lava that has been compressed over timeB animal remains that were buried over an extended period
C
plant material that was buried over an extended periodD sedimentary rocks that have been compressed over timeSlide9
4. Coal is a nonrenewable resource that was formed hundreds of millions of years ago in swampy areas. Coal was formed from —
A silica rich lava that has been compressed over timeB animal remains that were buried over an extended period
C
plant material that was buried over an extended periodD sedimentary rocks that have been compressed over
timeSlide10
5. Oil, natural gas, and coal provide most of the energy we use today. How were these resources formed?
A These renewable resources formed deep in the Earth from prehistoric plants and animals.B These nonrenewable resources formed deep in the Earth from prehistoric plants and animals.
C
These nonrenewable resources formed from magma deep in the Earth.D These inexhaustible resources formed from magma deep in the Earth.Slide11
5. Oil, natural gas, and coal provide most of the energy we use today. How were these resources formed?
A These renewable resources formed deep in the Earth from prehistoric plants and animals.B
These nonrenewable resources formed deep in the Earth from prehistoric plants and animals.C These nonrenewable resources formed from magma deep in the Earth.
D These inexhaustible resources formed from magma deep in the Earth.Slide12
6. Millions of years ago the remains of dead plants and animals were buried by sediments. Through the action of heat and pressure over millions of years, these remains changed form. We now call these changed remains—
A Solar energyB Renewable C Fossil fuels
D
Heat energySlide13
6. Millions of years ago the remains of dead plants and animals were buried by sediments. Through the action of heat and pressure over millions of years, these remains changed form. We now call these changed remains—
A Solar energyB Renewable C
Fossil fuels
D Heat energySlide14
7. The process of breaking up rocks on the surface of the Earth is called—
A depositionB sedimentationC
erosionD weatheringSlide15
7. The process of breaking up rocks on the surface of the Earth is called—
A depositionB sedimentationC
erosionD weatheringSlide16
8. How does nitrogen get trapped underground as fossil fuel?
A Nitrogen is deposited underground by tree roots.B Plants and animals died and decayed underground millions of years ago.
C
Nitrogen forms as limestone is weathered.D Bacteria in the soil take nitrogen gas from the atmosphere.Slide17
8. How does nitrogen get trapped underground as fossil fuel?
A Nitrogen is deposited underground by tree roots.B Plants and animals died and decayed underground millions of years ago.
C
Nitrogen forms as limestone is weathered.D Bacteria in the soil take nitrogen gas from the atmosphere.Slide18
9. Which of the following must occur in order for plant remains to be transformed into fossil fuels? The plant remains must be—
A eatenB burnedC buried
D
recycledSlide19
9. Which of the following must occur in order for plant remains to be transformed into fossil fuels? The plant remains must be—
A eatenB burnedC
buried
D recycledSlide20
10. Fossil fuels formed over a long period of time because heat and pressure were applied to —
A carbon filtered through limestoneB organisms buried in the groundC bacteria on top of the mud
D
nitrogen mixed in the waterSlide21
10. Fossil fuels formed over a long period of time because heat and pressure were applied to —
A carbon filtered through limestoneB organisms buried in the ground
C
bacteria on top of the mudD nitrogen mixed in the waterSlide22
11. Coal, oil, and gas are resources that come from—
A electric power plantsB volcanic eruptionsC the movement of waterD the remains of living organismsSlide23
11. Coal, oil, and gas are resources that come from—
A electric power plantsB volcanic eruptionsC the movement of waterD
the remains of living organismsSlide24
12. Oil, natural gas, and coal began forming millions of years ago. They provide most of the energy used by modern civilization.
How are fossil fuels formed? A These renewable resources formed deep in the Earth from decaying plants and animals. B
These nonrenewable resources formed deep in the Earth from decaying plants and animals.
C These inexhaustible resources formed from magma deep in the Earth’s mantle.D These nonrenewable resources formed from magma deep in the Earth’s mantle.Slide25
12. Oil, natural gas, and coal began forming millions of years ago. They provide most of the energy used by modern civilization.
How are fossil fuels formed? A These renewable resources formed deep in the Earth from decaying plants and animals.
B
These nonrenewable resources formed deep in the Earth from decaying plants and animals.C These inexhaustible resources formed from magma deep in the Earth’s mantle.
D These nonrenewable resources formed from magma deep in the Earth’s mantle.Slide26
13. Which is an example of a fossil fuel?A swampB solar cellC waterD
coalSlide27
13. Which is an example of a fossil fuel?A swampB solar cellC water
D
coalSlide28
14. In what types of rocks are fossils usually found
?A metamorphicB sedimentaryC igneousD
volcanicSlide29
14. In what types of rocks are fossils usually found
?A metamorphicB sedimentaryC igneous
D
volcanicSlide30
15. The speed at which sediments change to rocks can be described as—
A instantly over a short period of timeB quickly over a long period of timeC slowly over a long period of time
D
slowly over a short period of timeSlide31
15. The speed at which sediments change to rocks can be described as—
A instantly over a short period of timeB quickly over a long period of timeC
slowly over a long period of time
D slowly over a short period of timeSlide32
16. Fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal began forming under the Earth’s surface millions of years ago and now provide most of the manufactured energy we use. These resources formed—
A from melted rock deep in the Earth. They are inexhaustible sources of energy. B from melted rock deep in the Earth. They are nonrenewable sources of energy.
C
deep in the Earth from early plants and animals. They are nonrenewable resources. D deep in the Earth from early plants and animals. They are renewable resources.Slide33
16. Fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal began forming under the Earth’s surface millions of years ago and now provide most of the manufactured energy we use. These resources formed—
A from melted rock deep in the Earth. They are inexhaustible sources of energy. B from melted rock deep in the Earth. They are nonrenewable sources of energy.
C
deep in the Earth from early plants and animals. They are nonrenewable resources. D deep in the Earth from early plants and animals. They are renewable resources.Slide34
17. The
chart shows some natural resources. Which of these would complete the column of
Nonrenewable
Resources?
Nonrenewable Resources
Renewable Resources
coal
lumber
petroleum
soil
???
grass/plants
A. Wind
B. Water
C. Natural gas
D.
OxygenSlide35
Correct answer is “C”
Natural gas
The three main types of fossil fuels are: coal, petroleum, and natural gas. They are nonrenewable resources because they take millions of years to form underground. Slide36
These answers are incorrect because…
Wind is
a renewable resource
. It is so vast that it cannot be used up by human activity.
B. Water is a renewable resource. It can be replaced by the water cycle.
D.
Oxygen is a renewable resource. It is created and released into the air by producers.Slide37
18. Look
at the following pictures. All three are powered by what type of natural resource?
A.
Manmade
resources
B. Renewable resources
C.
Internet resourcesD. Nonrenewable resourcesSlide38
Correct answer is “D”
Nonrenewable resources
Petroleum is the world’s most widely used fossil fuel. It is used mainly for transportation. Natural gas is usually found with petroleum and is used mostly for heating and cooking. Both are fossil fuels and are nonrenewable resources.Slide39
These answers are incorrect because:
Manmade resources are made from natural resources.
B. Renewable resources are reproduced at
about the
same rate they are used. Forests are an example.
C.
Internet resources provide information and services, not fuel.
Slide40
19. Scientists
were asked to explore a region
in search of coal. Using the chart identify which region they should explore first?
REGION
DESCRIPTION OF REGION
1
Slopes of an active volcano
2
Dry river bed
3
Area that was once a swamp
4
Desert with sand dunesSlide41
Correct answer is Region 3, the area that was once a swamp.
Coal is the most common fossil fuel. Much of the coal used today comes from plants that lived in swamps millions of years ago. As the plants died, they sank to the bottom of the swamps. Mud and other sediments covered their remains; with pressure and time these changed into coal.
Slide42
20. The
picture below shows a woman who has just finished mowing her lawn. Look at the picture carefully. Which resource in the front yard is NOT a renewable resource?
A. Water from the sprinkler
B. Soil under the grass
C. Fuel for the mower
D. Grass and plantsSlide43
Correct answer is “C”
Fuel for the mower
Fuel (gasoline) used in a mower is a nonrenewable resource. It can’t be replaced once it is used up.Slide44
These answers are incorrect because:
Water is a renewable resource. The water cycle allows Earth’s limited supply of fresh water to be used over and over again.
B. Soil is a renewable resource. As rocks are weathered away, new soil is formed.
D. Grass and plants are renewable. As plants die and decay, new plants grow in their place.
Slide45
21. The rock in Grand Canyon National Park is formed from layers of sand, minerals, and shells. Which type of rock is present at Grand Canyon National Park?
A. IgneousB. SedimentaryC. MetamorphicD. Lava
Start of MS ?’sSlide46
21. The rock in Grand Canyon National Park is formed from layers of sand, minerals, and shells. Which type of rock is present at Grand Canyon National Park?
A. IgneousB. Sedimentary (lots of LAYERS!)C. MetamorphicD. Lava
Start of MS ?’sSlide47
22. The most important factor in forming the sedimentary rock layers below is—
A. volcanic eruptions
B. scorching sun
C. moving waterD. earthquakesSlide48
22. The most important factor in forming the sedimentary rock layers below is—
A. volcanic eruptions
B. scorching sun
C. moving waterD. earthquakesSlide49
23. Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments of weathered material that have been eroded and then deposited in layers. This process requires—
A. temperature and timeB. deposition and meltingC. collection and transportationD. time and pressureSlide50
23. Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments of weathered material that have been eroded and then deposited in layers. This process requires—
A. temperature and timeB. deposition and meltingC. collection and transportationD. time and pressureSlide51
24. Students are learning about the formation of fossil fuels. They decide to construct a representation of how pressure and time cause organisms to turn into oil. The physical representation that students constructed is called a—
A. modelB. cloneC. designD. structureSlide52
24. Students are learning about the formation of fossil fuels. They decide to construct a representation of how pressure and time cause organisms to turn into oil. The physical representation that students constructed is called a—
A. modelB. cloneC. designD. structureSlide53
25. A group of students explored the steps required for sedimentation of rocks. They recorded the results of the process in the table below.
Which of these best completes the table?—
A. layering
B. transportingC. compactingD. fragmenting
Steps
Process1Weathering
2Erosion3Deposition
4??Slide54
25. A group of students explored the steps required for sedimentation of rocks. They recorded the results of the process in the table below.
Which of these best completes the table?—
A. layering
B. transportingC. compactingD. fragmenting
Steps
Process1
Weathering2Erosion3
Deposition4??Slide55
26. The research of geologists, B. W.
Murck and B. J. Skinner, claims that rock formations like these of the beautiful Bryce Canyon in Utah provide information about past climates and life forms that inhabited the Earth. These rock formations are made up largely of sandstone, limestone, and shale.
Which Earth process is evident in this canyon?
A. formation of sedimentary rockB. erosion of shorelinesC. weathering of hilltops
D. supporting plant growthSlide56
26. The research of geologists, B. W.
Murck and B. J. Skinner, claims that rock formations like these of the beautiful Bryce Canyon in Utah provide information about past climates and life forms that inhabited the Earth. These rock formations are made up largely of sandstone, limestone, and shale.
Which Earth process is evident in this canyon?
A. formation of sedimentary rockB. erosion of shorelines
C. weathering of hilltopsD. supporting plant growthSlide57
27. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are all fossil fuels. Fossil Fuels originated from —
A. buried, dead organisms changed by heat and pressureB. heat preserved within the Earth’s crustC. decayed rocks from within the Earth’s crust
D. plants that survived the Earth’s changesSlide58
27. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are all fossil fuels. Fossil Fuels originated from —
A. buried, dead organisms changed by heat and pressureB. heat preserved within the Earth’s crust
C. decayed rocks from within the Earth’s crust
D. plants that survived the Earth’s changesSlide59
Look at the diagram below.
28. Which of the following is formed in the process shown in the diagram?
A. coal
B. glassC. goldD. waterSlide60
Look at the diagram below.
28. Which of the following is formed in the process shown in the diagram?
A. coal
B. glassC. goldD. waterSlide61
29. A river deposits layers of minerals and other rocks at its mouth. Over time, what kind of rock is formed by the deposits?
A. igneousB. metamorphicC. sedimentaryD. lavaSlide62
29. A river deposits layers of minerals and other rocks at its mouth. Over time, what kind of rock is formed by the deposits?
A. igneousB. metamorphicC. sedimentaryD. lavaSlide63
30. Which processes are required for the formation of sedimentary rock?
A. boiling and pressureB. deposition and compactionC. weathering and meltingD. pressure and coolingSlide64
30. Which processes are required for the formation of sedimentary rock?
A. boiling and pressureB. deposition and compactionC. weathering and meltingD. pressure and coolingSlide65
31. Which is NOT a factor in the formation of fossil fuels?
A. timeB. heatC. meltingD. pressureSlide66
31. Which is NOT a factor in the formation of fossil fuels?
A. timeB. heatC. meltingD. pressureSlide67
32. All of these are examples of fossil fuels EXCEPT—
A. coalB. petroleumC. corn oilD. natural gasSlide68
32. All of these are examples of fossil fuels EXCEPT—
A. coalB. petroleumC. corn oilD. natural gasSlide69
33. Which of the following best completes the process shown in the flow cart?
A. layers
B. deposition
C. cementationD. transportingSlide70
33. Which of the following best completes the process shown in the flow cart?
A. layers
B. deposition
C. cementationD. transportingSlide71
34. A teacher conducts an experiment to help students learn about the formation of sedimentary rocks. The teacher uses a chocolate chip cookie to show how small pieces of rock and other sediment are compressed together under heavy pressure. What tool would be most beneficial in examining the sedimentary rock “cookie”?
A. cameraB. hand lensC. microscopeD. metric rulerSlide72
34. A teacher conducts an experiment to help students learn about the formation of sedimentary rocks. The teacher uses a chocolate chip cookie to show how small pieces of rock and other sediment are compressed together under heavy pressure. What
tool would be most beneficial in examining the sedimentary rock “cookie”?A. camera
B. hand lens
C. microscopeD. metric rulerSlide73
35. Students were preparing an activity to determine what led to the formation of fossil fuels. Before the experiment, students recorded ideas about what would happen in a science notebook. What important part of the investigation were students recording in the notebook??
A. conclusionB. hypothesisC. observationD. inferenceSlide74
35. Students were preparing an activity to determine what led to the formation of fossil fuels. Before the experiment, students
recorded ideas about what would happen in a science notebook. What important part of the investigation were students recording in the notebook??
A. conclusion
B. hypothesisC. observationD. inferenceSlide75
36. What do the processes of the formation of sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels have in common?
A. Sedimentary rocks are the only type of rock where fossils are found which produce energy.B. Sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels are mixed with fossils to provide energy.C. Fossil fuels and sedimentary rocks are burned to release energy.
D. Sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels are both formed over a long period of time with high pressure.Slide76
36. What do the processes of the formation of sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels have in common?
A. Sedimentary rocks are the only type of rock where fossils are found which produce energy.B. Sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels are mixed with fossils to provide energy.C. Fossil fuels and sedimentary rocks are burned to release energy.
D. Sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels are both formed over a long period of time with high pressure.Slide77
37. Fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil are considered nonrenewable resources because they were formed from the buried remains of plants and animals. The process that led to this formation takes a very long time, which means fossil fuels cannot be replaced in our lifetime. The pie chart below displays the energy sources used to make electricity in the U.S.
Which statement can be inferred form the chart?
A. About two-thirds of the electricity produced comes from the conversion of fossil fuels.
B. Electricity is used to do many jobs for people on a daily basis.
C. Coal is the only fossil fuel used to generate electricity.
D. Burning fossil fuels is harmful to the environment and causes air pollution.Slide78
37. Fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil are considered nonrenewable resources because they were formed from the buried remains of plants and animals. The process that led to this formation takes a very long time, which means fossil fuels cannot be replaced in our lifetime. The pie chart below displays the energy sources used to make electricity in the U.S.
Which statement can be inferred form the chart?
A. About two-thirds of the electricity produced comes from the conversion of fossil fuels.
B. Electricity is used to do many jobs for people on a daily basis.
C. Coal is the only fossil fuel used to generate electricity.
D. Burning fossil fuels is harmful to the environment and causes air pollution.Slide79
38. Students have been studying fossil fuels. What is an example of conservation by using less fossil fuel resources?
A. riding a bike instead of driving a carB. burning coal for heatC. taking a taxi to workD. flying in an airportSlide80
38. Students have been studying fossil fuels. What is an example of
conservation by using less fossil fuel resources?A. riding a bike instead of driving a car
B. burning coal for heat
C. taking a taxi to workD. flying in an airportSlide81
39. A student created a model to show how a sedimentary rock is formed by placing rocks, pebbles, and soil in a jar. The student added water to the jar, put on the lid, and shook the mixture. After settling, the sediment in the jar formed layers. Which describes why the layers formed in the student’s model?
A. The sediment particles settled with the largest at the top and the least dense a the bottom.B. The largest particles of sediment settled at the bottom and the smallest particles of sediment settled at the top.
C. The lease dense particles settled on top, some pebbles floated in the water, and the densest particles settled on bottom.
D. Shaking created a solution in which all parts were evenly mixed.Slide82
39. A student created a model to show how a sedimentary rock is formed by placing rocks, pebbles, and soil in a jar. The student added water to the jar, put on the lid, and shook the mixture. After settling, the sediment in the jar formed layers. Which describes
why the layers formed in the student’s model?A. The sediment particles settled with the largest at the top and the least dense a the bottom.
B. The largest particles of sediment settled at the bottom and the smallest particles of sediment settled at the top.
C. The lease dense particles settled on top, some pebbles floated in the water, and the densest particles settled on bottom.
D. Shaking created a solution in which all parts were evenly mixed.