Energy Champions Training - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Energy Champions Training

Module 2.1

Energy BasicsSlide2

Energy comes in different forms:Heat (thermal)Light (radiant) Motion (kinetic)Electrical Chemical Nuclear energy GravitationalThere are two types of energy:Stored (potential) energy Working (kinetic) energy

Energy: The Ability To Do WorkSlide3

Non-renewable (a source that we are using up and cannot re-create)

Oil and petroleum products — including diesel fuel, gasoline, heating oil, and propane Natural gas Coal Uranium (nuclear energy) Renewable (an energy source that can be easily replenished) Solar energy from the sun  electricity and heatWindGeothermal energy from heat inside the EarthBiomass from plants, which includes wood, corn ethanol, biodiesel from vegetable oil, and biogas

Hydropower from dams

Energy Sources Can be Renewable or NonrenewableSlide4

Energy Sources – GlobalSlide5

Energy Sources – USSlide6

Energy Sources – USSlide7

Energy Sources – ChinaSlide8

Energy Sources – IndiaSlide9

Energy Sources – UKSlide10

Comparative Energy ContentSlide11

Comparative GHG Emissions of Fuels

Source: US EIA 20094/28/2014Cummins Confidential11Slide12

Cummins Global Energy Footprint

GHG Emissions, 2012: 721,000 MT CO2eEnergy Cost, 2012: $125M (excluding JVs)Slide13

Electricity

4/28/2014Cummins Confidential13Slide14

Electricity

Generation & DistributionElectricity is not stored – whatever is generated is instantly usedFor best efficiency, electricity is transmitted at very high voltage then converted to lower voltage at your home or facilityTypical generation efficiency loss: 60%; transmission loss: 7%Slide15

Electrical Grid

15Slide16

Electricity Sources – USSlide17

Electricity Sources – ChinaSlide18

Electricity Emission Factors

Greenhouse gas (aka “carbon”) emission rates for regional grid electricityCO2, N2O, methane incorporated into CO2e factors from regional electricity generation source mixAccepted GHG reporting protocol4/28/2014Cummins Confidential18MTCO2e/MWhIndiana0.693

New York

0.227

Germany

0.464Romania

0.503

UK

0.458

Mexico

0.456

India

0.919

China

0.773Slide19

Renewable Energy Credits (RECs)

Tradable energy commodities that represent proof that electricity was generated from an eligible renewable energy resourceOnly the owners of the REC can claim the carbon emissions benefit to avoid double countingEx.1: Carbon benefits of renewable electricity purchased under special agreement with a utility cannot be claimed by the site, if the utility owns the RECEx. 2: Carbon benefits of solar power generated and used on-site cannot be claimed if RECs are owned by a third partyIf the site cannot claim the carbon benefits, use the regional electricity emissions factor4/28/2014Cummins Confidential19Slide20

US Industrial Electricity UsageSlide21

Electricity Measurement

Electricity is measured in units of power called wattsIn honor of James Watt, the inventor of the steam engineOne watt is a very small amount of power. About 750 watts equals one horsepowerWe usually measure things in a “kilowatt” (kW) which represents 1,000 watts. 10 x 100-watt light bulbs would use a kWA human climbing stairs is doing work at a rate of about 200 wattsSlide22

Electricity Measurement

Electricity is measured in units of energy called watt-hoursThose 10 x 100-watt light bulbs turned on for an hour would use one kilowatt-hour (1 kWh)A watt rating is like the horsepower of your carA watt-hour is like the fuel consumed in your carSlide23

Understanding Electrical Power

Let’s look at a simple example in order to better understand these terms .Let’s say you are at the game and it is a really hot day. You order up a glass of your favorite brew. The thirst-quenching portion of your beer or ginger ale is represented by kW Unfortunately, life isn’t perfect. Along with your beer or ale comes a little bit of foam. This foam is represented by kVAR.The total contents of your glass, kVA, is the summation of kW (the ale or beer) and kVAR (the foam).

kW

kVAR

kVA Slide24

Power Factor

Ratio of real power flowing to a load over apparent powerRelates mostly to induction motorsBetween 0-1 Poor <85% Fair 85%-95% Good >95% Efficiency & Power FactorSlide25

Power Factor (PF)

Electric Power is made up of: kW – real power kVA – apparent power kVAR – reactive powerPower Factor = Cosine (kVA/kW)Slide26

Power Factor on your BillSlide27

Power Factor, KVAR, kW Slide28

Benefits of a High Power Factor

Improving a systems power factor will reduce the total power consumed by an electrical installation and will provide the following benefits:Financial saving by reducing power factor charges, electricity costs are reduced.Extended equipment life reduced electrical burden on cables and electrical components.Increase load capacity provide additional capacity for other loads to be connected.Environmental benefit reduced power consumption means less GHG emissions and fossil fuel depletion by power stations.Slide29

Natural gas

4/28/2014Cummins Confidential29Slide30

US Natural Gas UsageSlide31

US Industrial Natural Gas UsageSlide32

Natural

Gas Measurement Unit is Therms 1 Therm = 100,000 Btu = 29.3 kWhNatural gas is sometimes priced in Deca-Therms 1 Deca-Therm = 10 Therms = 1 MMBtuNatural Gas is sometimes metered in MCF 1 MCF = about 10 Therms 1 MCF = 1000 cubic feet = 1,026,000 BTU Slide33

Hydraulic Fracturing (“

Fracking”)4/28/2014Cummins Confidential33Slide34

Natural Gas

– Impact of Fracking in USaka hydraulic fracturingSlide35

Natural Gas

– Impact of Fracking in USSlide36

Typical Natural

Gas UsageSlide37

DISTRICT HEATING

4/28/2014Cummins Confidential37Slide38

Typical Heat Distribution System

Steam or hot water piped from power plant to siteCummins GHG protocol assumes energy source is 90% coal, 10% gas4/28/2014Cummins Confidential38