Jamestown VA May 13 1607 Arrival of 104 Male Settlers WHY For what reasons did individuals come to America Colonizing America Wealth Colonizing America Religious dissent Types of Colonies ID: 163623
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Slide1
The American ColoniesSlide2Slide3
Jamestown, VA
May 13, 1607: Arrival of 104 Male Settlers Slide4
WHY?
For what reasons did individuals come to America?Slide5
Colonizing America
Wealth
Slide6
Colonizing America
Religious dissentSlide7
Types of Colonies
Royal Colonies
King
Ruled by royal governorSlide8
Types of Colonies
Proprietary
Individuals or groups
King gifted land
Slide9
Types of Colonies
Charter
Established by charters
King
Colonies governed themselvesSlide10
Regional DivisionsSlide11
New England ColoniesSlide12
Massachusetts (1620)
Pilgrims (Plymouth)
Separatists
wanted to
separate
from the Anglican Church
1st Thanksgiving
Mayflower Compact
41 men drew up the agreement to outline fair and equal laws for the colony
; signed on the Mayflower
1620Slide13
Massachusetts
(1630)
Puritans
Purify and reform Anglican Church
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Strict religious beliefs; radical
John Winthrop
“for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a
Citty
upon a Hill, the
eies
of all people are
uppon
us;
soe
that if wee shall
deale
falsely with our god in this
worke
wee have undertaken and
soe
cause him to
withdrawe
his present help from us”
City Upon A Hill
, 1630Slide14
New Hampshire (1630)
John Mason
English and Scots-Irish settlers
Economic freedom
Settled for religious freedom
Escape for those constricted by harsh religious and economic rules of the
Puritans
Royal ColonySlide15
Rhode Island (1636)
Roger Williams
Exiled by Puritans in Mass.
settled in Providence
Religious freedom
Trade
Connecticut (1636)
Thomas Hooker
Dutch (economic freedom) and English (religious freedom)
Asked to leave by Mass.
Agriculture and tradeSlide16
Middle ColoniesSlide17
New York (1626)
Peter Minuit
Dutch (Netherlands), taken over by English
Trade and profits
Anglican
Proprietary to royal colony
New Jersey (1660)
Lord Berkley
Established by Sweden
became English
Agriculture, trade and profits
Proprietary to royal colony
Delaware (1638)
Peter Minuit
Dutch, Swedish and English
Farming, trade and profits
ProprietarySlide18
Pennsylvania (1682)
William Penn
Proprietary
Home to many European Immigrants: Swedish, Dutch, English, Scots-Irish and German
Farming
Quakers
Equality and all possessed “Inner Light”
PennsylvaniaSlide19
Southern ColoniesSlide20
Virginia (1607)
Jamestown
1st permanent settlement
mostly males (indentured servants and treasure hunters)
60/900 colonists survived
Ruled by John Smith
Founded by the
Virginia Company
Joint-stock company: organized to raise money by selling
stocks/shares
to investors
Becomes royal
House of Burgesses (1619)-
22 representatives called burgesses met to outline laws for the colonySlide21
Maryland (1634)
George Calvert
Religious freedom for Catholics
Established for trade, finding precious metals and to locate a water passage across the continent
Farming
ProprietarySlide22
Maryland Act of Toleration
1649
Granted freedom of worship for all Catholics
Symbolic beginning of freedom of religionSlide23
North Carolina (1653)
Group of proprietors: business venture
Settlers from Virginia
Farming, trade and profit
Anglican
South Carolina (1670)
Group of proprietors
Settlers from France, English, Africans and Irish
Food crops
Anglican
Proprietary to royal
Georgia (1733)
General James Oglethorpe
Spanish settlements taken by English
Debtors and convicts
protect colonies from Spanish and French invasions
Slow economic growth
farmed, harvested lumber and traded fursSlide24
The Charter of Carolina 1663Slide25
Ethnic and Religious DiversitySlide26
Discrimination in Massachusetts
Salem Witch Trials
Slide27
Discrimination in Massachusetts
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
Banished from MassachusettsSlide28
Discrimination
African Americans
Free
Slaves
Native Americans
Pushed off land
by westward settlersSlide29
Religious Tolerance
Roger Williams
Providence, RI
Pennsylvania
English Quakers
German Lutherans
Scotch-Irish Presbyterians
Swiss Mennonites
New York linguistic and cultural
diversity
First synagogueSlide30
Colonial EconomySlide31
Economic Diversity:
-South= Agriculture
-North = Commerce
-Towns and cities
develop along waterSlide32
Economy
Mercantilism
Economic policy
Europe
Way to get rich
Export more than you import
Effect= Britain creates rules for colonial tradeSlide33
Commerce and Immigrants
(New England)
Port cities
Boston
Immigrant population increases due to religious freedom and economic opportunities (German, Scotch-Irish, Dutch)
More towns in North than Southern colonies
Use
town meetings
to governSlide34
New England Colonies
Shipbuilding
Fishing
Smaller farms
self-sufficientSlide35
Middle Colonies’ Economy
Diverse in people and business
Less slaves
Shops, homes and farmsSlide36
Middle Colonies’ Economy
Farming
Wheat, barley, rye
Commerce
Access to water
Shipping overseas
New York and
PhiladelphiaSlide37
Southern Economy
John Rolfe and tobacco
Virginia, Maryland, NC
Plantations develop
Need for labor
Indentured servants
Agree to work for landowner
4-7 years
slaverySlide38
Southern Plantation Systems
Exported cash crops to make money
Creates:
(1) Large farms around rivers
(2) Need for lots of labor
(3) Wealthy class of plantation ownersSlide39Slide40
Slave Trade
First slaves were captured Native Americans
African slave trade flourished by 1700s
Slaves endured a harsh voyage: Middle Passage
Widespread use in Southern coloniesSlide41
Colonial Society
Ethnic Diversity
-African Americans
-Native Americans
Class Distinctions
Women
Wealth = powerSlide42Slide43
Bacon’s Rebellion
Virginia, 1676
Cause:
Small farmers treated unfairly; wealthy landowners paid
fewer taxes and received many benefits
Nathaniel Bacon
Failed!
Result:
Need for representation
in government for the
“common man”Slide44
Colonial Government
Britain allows the colonies to govern themselves
Salutary neglect
Colonial legislatures hold the powerSlide45
1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies
Ancient Greece (800-510 BC)
Greeks practiced democracy
People vote directly
Romans created a republic (500 BC)
Representative democracySlide46
1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies
Middle Ages (400-1500 AD)
Republics fade
Autocracies develop
Government ruled by a single sovereign
Renaissance (1450 AD)
“Rebirth”
Reconnection to ancient Greece and Rome
Classical republicanism Slide47
1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies
Post Middle Ages
Limited government
Government that must obey a set of laws
Usually a written document
Magna Carta or “Great Charter” (1215 AD)
Prevented king from imposing taxes
Needed approval of a council
British Parliament
English Bill of Rights (1689 AD)
Power to Parliament
King could not interfere with Parliamentary elections or impose taxes
Common Law
Originated in Middle Ages
Law based on tradition or past court decisions instead of written statutesSlide48
The English Government
Magna
Carta
(The Great Charter)
Guaranteed rights and liberties to the English people that could not be cancelled by later laws
Common Law-evolved from the Magna
Carta
; unwritten laws based on customs, usage and precedentsSlide49
1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies
Enlightenment (1600s)
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
All people are born with certain rights
Protect one’s own life
lead to chaos
Strong government is needed
Abuses by government = price of maintaining peace and orderSlide50
The Second Treatise of Civil Government
1. What is Locke’s argument?
2. What evidence does he give to support it?
3. Do you agree or disagree with his point about preserving mankind? Why?Slide51
1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies
John Locke (1632-1704)
Two Treatises on Government
(1690)
Natural rights: life, liberty, property
Can’t morally be taken away by government
Social contract theory
Implied contract between government and citizens
People submit themselves to follow the law for the common good and to cultivate civic virtue
Government fails= replace governmentSlide52
1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies
Montesquieu (1689-1755)
Separation of powers
Three branches of government
Checks and balances
Voltaire (1694- 1778)
Free speech, freedom of expression and freedom of religion
Jean Jacque Rousseau (1712- 1778)
equalitySlide53
1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies
American Colonies
House of Burgesses (1619)
First elected body in New World
Citizens should have a voice
Created laws for the colony of Jamestown
Mayflower Compact (1620)
Document drafted by settlers
Created an elected legislature
Government received power from the people of the colony
Demonstrates desire to be ruled by local government instead of EnglandSlide54
1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies
Town meetings
Representative government
Local citizens met to discuss and vote on issues
Belief in democratic ideals
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)
Written body of laws for the colony
Government’s power came only from the “free consent of the people”
Set limits on what government could doSlide55
1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies
First Continental Congress (1774)
Gathering of colonial leaders
Respond to laws passed by Parliament
“not represented in Parliament” and violations of “natural rights”
Second Continental Congress (1775)
Meeting of colonial leaders
Response to the Kings failure to act
throw off British rule