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The American Colonies The American Colonies

The American Colonies - PowerPoint Presentation

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The American Colonies - PPT Presentation

Jamestown VA May 13 1607 Arrival of 104 Male Settlers WHY For what reasons did individuals come to America Colonizing America Wealth Colonizing America Religious dissent Types of Colonies ID: 163623

colonies government freedom english government colonies english freedom trade religious colony colonial middle laws royal people massachusetts economic southern

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Slide1

The American ColoniesSlide2
Slide3

Jamestown, VA

May 13, 1607: Arrival of 104 Male Settlers Slide4

WHY?

For what reasons did individuals come to America?Slide5

Colonizing America

Wealth

Slide6

Colonizing America

Religious dissentSlide7

Types of Colonies

Royal Colonies

King

Ruled by royal governorSlide8

Types of Colonies

Proprietary

Individuals or groups

King gifted land

Slide9

Types of Colonies

Charter

Established by charters

King

Colonies governed themselvesSlide10

Regional DivisionsSlide11

New England ColoniesSlide12

Massachusetts (1620)

Pilgrims (Plymouth)

Separatists

wanted to

separate

from the Anglican Church

1st Thanksgiving

Mayflower Compact

41 men drew up the agreement to outline fair and equal laws for the colony

; signed on the Mayflower

1620Slide13

Massachusetts

(1630)

Puritans

Purify and reform Anglican Church

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Strict religious beliefs; radical

John Winthrop

“for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a

Citty

upon a Hill, the

eies

of all people are

uppon

us;

soe

that if wee shall

deale

falsely with our god in this

worke

wee have undertaken and

soe

cause him to

withdrawe

his present help from us”

City Upon A Hill

, 1630Slide14

New Hampshire (1630)

John Mason

English and Scots-Irish settlers

Economic freedom

Settled for religious freedom

Escape for those constricted by harsh religious and economic rules of the

Puritans

Royal ColonySlide15

Rhode Island (1636)

Roger Williams

Exiled by Puritans in Mass.

 settled in Providence

Religious freedom

Trade

Connecticut (1636)

Thomas Hooker

Dutch (economic freedom) and English (religious freedom)

Asked to leave by Mass.

Agriculture and tradeSlide16

Middle ColoniesSlide17

New York (1626)

Peter Minuit

Dutch (Netherlands), taken over by English

Trade and profits

Anglican

Proprietary to royal colony

New Jersey (1660)

Lord Berkley

Established by Sweden

 became English

Agriculture, trade and profits

Proprietary to royal colony

Delaware (1638)

Peter Minuit

Dutch, Swedish and English

Farming, trade and profits

ProprietarySlide18

Pennsylvania (1682)

William Penn

Proprietary

Home to many European Immigrants: Swedish, Dutch, English, Scots-Irish and German

Farming

Quakers

Equality and all possessed “Inner Light”

PennsylvaniaSlide19

Southern ColoniesSlide20

Virginia (1607)

Jamestown

1st permanent settlement

 mostly males (indentured servants and treasure hunters)

60/900 colonists survived

Ruled by John Smith

Founded by the

Virginia Company

Joint-stock company: organized to raise money by selling

stocks/shares

to investors

Becomes royal

House of Burgesses (1619)-

22 representatives called burgesses met to outline laws for the colonySlide21

Maryland (1634)

George Calvert

Religious freedom for Catholics

Established for trade, finding precious metals and to locate a water passage across the continent

Farming

ProprietarySlide22

Maryland Act of Toleration

1649

Granted freedom of worship for all Catholics

Symbolic beginning of freedom of religionSlide23

North Carolina (1653)

Group of proprietors: business venture

Settlers from Virginia

Farming, trade and profit

Anglican

South Carolina (1670)

Group of proprietors

Settlers from France, English, Africans and Irish

Food crops

Anglican

Proprietary to royal

Georgia (1733)

General James Oglethorpe

Spanish settlements taken by English

Debtors and convicts

 protect colonies from Spanish and French invasions

Slow economic growth

 farmed, harvested lumber and traded fursSlide24

The Charter of Carolina 1663Slide25

Ethnic and Religious DiversitySlide26

Discrimination in Massachusetts

Salem Witch Trials

Slide27

Discrimination in Massachusetts

Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

Banished from MassachusettsSlide28

Discrimination

African Americans

Free

Slaves

Native Americans

Pushed off land

by westward settlersSlide29

Religious Tolerance

Roger Williams

 Providence, RI

Pennsylvania

English Quakers

German Lutherans

Scotch-Irish Presbyterians

Swiss Mennonites

New York linguistic and cultural

diversity

First synagogueSlide30

Colonial EconomySlide31

Economic Diversity:

-South= Agriculture

-North = Commerce

-Towns and cities

develop along waterSlide32

Economy

Mercantilism

Economic policy

Europe

Way to get rich

Export more than you import

Effect= Britain creates rules for colonial tradeSlide33

Commerce and Immigrants

(New England)

Port cities

Boston

Immigrant population increases due to religious freedom and economic opportunities (German, Scotch-Irish, Dutch)

More towns in North than Southern colonies

Use

town meetings

to governSlide34

New England Colonies

Shipbuilding

Fishing

Smaller farms

 self-sufficientSlide35

Middle Colonies’ Economy

Diverse in people and business

Less slaves

Shops, homes and farmsSlide36

Middle Colonies’ Economy

Farming

Wheat, barley, rye

Commerce

Access to water

Shipping overseas

New York and

PhiladelphiaSlide37

Southern Economy

John Rolfe and tobacco

Virginia, Maryland, NC

Plantations develop

Need for labor

Indentured servants

Agree to work for landowner

4-7 years

slaverySlide38

Southern Plantation Systems

Exported cash crops to make money

Creates:

(1) Large farms around rivers

(2) Need for lots of labor

(3) Wealthy class of plantation ownersSlide39
Slide40

Slave Trade

First slaves were captured Native Americans

African slave trade flourished by 1700s

Slaves endured a harsh voyage: Middle Passage

Widespread use in Southern coloniesSlide41

Colonial Society

Ethnic Diversity

-African Americans

-Native Americans

Class Distinctions

Women

Wealth = powerSlide42
Slide43

Bacon’s Rebellion

Virginia, 1676

Cause:

Small farmers treated unfairly; wealthy landowners paid

fewer taxes and received many benefits

Nathaniel Bacon

Failed!

Result:

Need for representation

in government for the

“common man”Slide44

Colonial Government

Britain allows the colonies to govern themselves

Salutary neglect

Colonial legislatures hold the powerSlide45

1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies

Ancient Greece (800-510 BC)

Greeks practiced democracy

People vote directly

Romans created a republic (500 BC)

Representative democracySlide46

1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies

Middle Ages (400-1500 AD)

Republics fade

Autocracies develop

Government ruled by a single sovereign

Renaissance (1450 AD)

“Rebirth”

Reconnection to ancient Greece and Rome

Classical republicanism Slide47

1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies

Post Middle Ages

Limited government

Government that must obey a set of laws

Usually a written document

Magna Carta or “Great Charter” (1215 AD)

Prevented king from imposing taxes

Needed approval of a council

 British Parliament

English Bill of Rights (1689 AD)

Power to Parliament

King could not interfere with Parliamentary elections or impose taxes

Common Law

Originated in Middle Ages

Law based on tradition or past court decisions instead of written statutesSlide48

The English Government

Magna

Carta

(The Great Charter)

Guaranteed rights and liberties to the English people that could not be cancelled by later laws

Common Law-evolved from the Magna

Carta

; unwritten laws based on customs, usage and precedentsSlide49

1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies

Enlightenment (1600s)

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)

All people are born with certain rights

Protect one’s own life

 lead to chaos

Strong government is needed

Abuses by government = price of maintaining peace and orderSlide50

The Second Treatise of Civil Government

1. What is Locke’s argument?

2. What evidence does he give to support it?

3. Do you agree or disagree with his point about preserving mankind? Why?Slide51

1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies

John Locke (1632-1704)

Two Treatises on Government

(1690)

Natural rights: life, liberty, property

Can’t morally be taken away by government

Social contract theory

Implied contract between government and citizens

People submit themselves to follow the law for the common good and to cultivate civic virtue

Government fails= replace governmentSlide52

1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies

Montesquieu (1689-1755)

Separation of powers

Three branches of government

Checks and balances

Voltaire (1694- 1778)

Free speech, freedom of expression and freedom of religion

Jean Jacque Rousseau (1712- 1778)

equalitySlide53

1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies

American Colonies

House of Burgesses (1619)

First elected body in New World

Citizens should have a voice

Created laws for the colony of Jamestown

Mayflower Compact (1620)

Document drafted by settlers

Created an elected legislature

Government received power from the people of the colony

Demonstrates desire to be ruled by local government instead of EnglandSlide54

1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies

Town meetings

Representative government

Local citizens met to discuss and vote on issues

Belief in democratic ideals

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)

Written body of laws for the colony

Government’s power came only from the “free consent of the people”

Set limits on what government could doSlide55

1.2 Self-Government and the Colonies

First Continental Congress (1774)

Gathering of colonial leaders

Respond to laws passed by Parliament

“not represented in Parliament” and violations of “natural rights”

Second Continental Congress (1775)

Meeting of colonial leaders

Response to the Kings failure to act

 throw off British rule