World War I and the 1920s (1914-1929 - PowerPoint Presentation

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World War I and the 1920s (1914-1929

)Section 1 America Enters World War ISlide2

Learning Objectives

Identify the causes of World War I.

Analyze the impact of technological innovations in weaponry that resulted in stalemate on the Western Front.

Analyze reasons behind isolationism and neutrality in the United States before 1917.Explain why the United States entered the conflict on the side of the Allies.

World War I and the 1920s (1914-1929)

Lesson 1 America Enters World War I

Alsace-Lorraine

militarism

Francis Ferdinand

William II

Western Front

CasualtiescontrabandU-boatsLusitaniaZimmermann note

Key TermsSlide3

The Causes of World War I

M.A.I.N

Historians have traditionally cited four long-term causes of the First World War

M

ILITARISM

– The growth of nationalism and imperialism led to increased military spending

A

LLIANCE SYSTEM

– By 1907 Europe was divided into two armed camps (allies and central powers)

I

MPERIALISM

– Economic and political control over weaker nations

N

ATIONALISM

– a devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nationSlide4

Causes of World War I:

Militarism:European nations built large armies (especially Germany) – prepare for warOther nations tried to keep up (naval power)

New WeaponsMachine Guns, artillery, tanks, submarines, airplanes

Alliance System:

Allies

, consisted of France, Britain, and Russia (US would join later)

Triple Alliance / Central Powers

,

consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

Imperialism:

Nations around the world were overtaking weaker ones

Provided the resources to build a larger empireNationalismNational pride led to rivalries and conflicts between nations

Leads to industrial output, trade and completion for foreign landSlide5

The Causes of World War I

Analyze Charts Which nation had the largest navy at the beginning of World War I? Which had the most troops?Slide6

The Causes of World War I

Analyze Maps Based on the map, what can you predict about where the major battles of World War I would be fought?Slide7

Two Armed Camps!

Allied Powers

:

Central Powers

:Slide8
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“THE SPARK”

The Great War Begins

Archduke Ferdinand

Gavrilo

Princip

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Video

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The Great War Begins

Austria-Hungary demands that Serbia help in the investigationSerbia refusesAustria-Hungary Declares war on Serbia

(July 28th 1914)

Alliance SystemRussia pledged to protect Serbia

Russia declares war on Austria… Germany declares war on Russia…France declares war on Germany…Great Britain declares war on Germany…Slide11

THE FIGHTING BEGINS

Alliance system

pulled one nation after another into the conflict – The Great War had begun

Many countries believed that a strong military force would prevent war

On August 3, 1914, Germany invaded Belgium, following a strategy known as the

Schlieffen Plan

This plan called for a quick strike through Belgium to Paris, France

Great Britain declared war on Germany

Next, Germany would attack Russia

The plan was designed to prevent a two-front war for Germany

“I’ll be home by Christmas”Slide12
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The War Becomes A Stalemate:

Battle of the MarneGermany invades FranceBritish and French counter

Both allies and central powers forces dug in for a long fight

Trench warfare – hand dug channels that were created all across Europe

There were 3 types of trenches:

front line

Support

reserve

Between enemy trenches was

“

no man’s land

” – an area pockmarked with shell craters and filled with barbed wire

Movie: War Horse

Trench warfareSlide14

Should America Join the Fight?

In 1914, most Americans saw no reason to join a struggle 3,000 miles away – they wanted neutralityEuropean conflict

Many Americans felt close to the British because of a shared ancestry and language

France aid during the Rev. War.

Many immigrants saw their countries being ripped apart.Immigrants felt an allegiance to their home countrySlide15

The United States Remains Neutral

Analyze Political Cartoons Based on the cartoon, what can you infer about President Wilson’s attitude toward the war?

Views on WWI

Isolationists

– not America’s businessInterventionists

– protect American interests in Europe (Allies)Internationalists

– should be active in world affairs… not enter the warSlide16

Reasons for U.S. Entry into the War

President Wilson – vowed to remain neutral

Blockades – preventing another nation from transporting goods

Britain blocked German boats

Germany used U-Boats

During the first two years of the war, America was selling the allied forces war materials and weapons

They used the sea to transport the goods

Germany

warned that any ship found in the waters around Britain would be sunk

FREEDOM OF THE SEAS

German unrestricted Submarine WarfareSlide17

Reasons for U.S. Entry into the War

German U-boats destroyed more than 11 million tons of Allied shipping and killed nearly 14,000 people.Analyze Maps Why were U-boat attacks clustered in particular areas?Slide18

The Lusitania Disaster:

The Lusitania was a British passenger liner

A German U-boat sank the Lusitania, killing all aboard (1200 people) including 128 American tourists

The Germans claimed the ship was carrying Allied ammunition

Germans promise to not to sink any more ships

Violated promiseUSS Sussex – Germany sinks another passenger ship

Sussex Pledge

Americans were outraged and public opinion turned against Germany and the Central PowersSlide19

Preparations for War

Wilson prepares for War“preparedness” National Defense Act – expanded size of armyNaval Construction Act

– built more warshipsNeutral No Longer

Zimmerman note German foreign minister Arthur Zimmerman Telegram to Mexico

Alliance with MexicoHelp Mexico regain territory lost in the Mexican American War(Texas, new Mexico, Arizona)

Telegram intercepted by British

America Enters WWI

April 2, 1917

“

Make the world safe for democracy”