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Residents’ Attitudes toward tourism and the Quality of Life: Residents’ Attitudes toward tourism and the Quality of Life:

Residents’ Attitudes toward tourism and the Quality of Life: - PowerPoint Presentation

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Residents’ Attitudes toward tourism and the Quality of Life: - PPT Presentation

the experience of Visit South Sardinia Ilaria Foroni Mariangela Zenga UNIMIB Patrizia Modica UNICA Firenze 1st December 2017 Introduction Tourism Sustainability ID: 797622

residents tourism destination sustainable tourism residents sustainable destination development journal amp satisfied satisfaction research attitudes sustainability community destinations european

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Slide1

Residents’ Attitudes toward tourism and the Quality of Life: the experience of Visit South Sardinia.

Ilaria Foroni, Mariangela Zenga–UNIMIB-Patrizia Modica –UNICA-

Firenze, 1.st

December

2017

Slide2

IntroductionTourism SustainabilityVisit South SardiniaResultsConclusions and Future WorkCONTENTS

Slide3

IntroductionThe study of the impact of tourism on the residents has been studied extensively because it can influence: planning policymaking in relation to the successful development, marketing, and operation of existing and future tourism programs. On the other hand, the tourism does not only affect residents' attitudes toward tourism development but also their overall Quality Of Life (QOL).

Slide4

IntroductionThis study aims to present results about Residents’ Attitudes toward tourism and the Quality of Life of the surveys of Visit South Sardinia. The survey was based on the questionnaire proposed by ETIS.

Slide5

Tourism SustainabilityWTO 2004Sustainble tourism development requires the informed partecipation of all relevant stakeolders, as well as strong political leadership to ensure wide partecipation and consensus building.”Achieving sustainable tourism is a

continous process and it requires constant monitoring of impacts, introducing the necessary preventive and/or corrective measure whenever necessary. Sustainable tourism should also maintain a high level of tourist satisfaction

and ensure a meaningful experience of tourists, raising their awareness about sustainability issue and promoting sustainable tourism practices amongst them.”

Slide6

Tourism SustainabilityWTO 2004Sustainble tourism development requires the informed partecipation of all relevant stakeolders, as well as strong political leadership to ensure wide partecipation and consensus building.”Achieving sustainable tourism is a

continous process and it requires constant monitoring of impacts, introducing the necessary preventive and/or corrective measure whenever necessary. Sustainable tourism should also maintain a high level of tourist satisfaction

and ensure a meaningful experience of tourists, raising their awareness about sustainability issue and promoting sustainable tourism practices amongst them.”

Slide7

Tourism SustainabilityHow to measure it?United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio in 1992), the concept of ‘‘sustainability’’ has been adopted as key political principle by most governments worldwide. The creation of ‘‘sustainability indicators’’ was suggested in Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, as a central issue to provide a basis for sustainability-related decision-making processes.Specifically, sustainable tourism measurement has been considered an important goal to be pursued leading different international organizations and institutions to develop peculiar indicator systems (UNWTO, 2004; GSTC, 2013; Global Compact & GRI, 2013; EC, 2013).

Slide8

Tourism SustainabilityHow to measure it?The great socio-economic importance of the tourism industry for the European Union has motivated the European Commission (EC) to introduce ‘‘sustainable development’’ as one of its core programs and foster various initiatives particularly aimed at promoting sustainable development of tourist destinations. Among them, in 2004 EC set up the Tourism Sustainability Group (TSG) to “provide guidance for local destination management and the use of indicators and monitoring systems”. As a result, the TSG developed the European Tourism Indicator System for Sustainable Destinations (ETIS) (University of Surrey) internalizing the concept that the involvement of local stakeholders is one of the significant aspects towards sustainable tourism development and

looking at tourism destinations as a whole.

Slide9

Tourism SustainabilityHow to measure it?ETIS proposed a simple method for measuring sustainability performance at local level in order to offer real support to the tourist destinations. The European Commission piloted the implementation of the ETIS across Europe on a voluntary base. Approximately two hundred destinations were involved in the projectETIS system is based on a toolkit which includes a set of indicators for measuring sustainability on the three pillars of environment, economy and socio-cultural aspects, and destination management. Implementing sustainable tourism in destinations requires the involvement of stakeholders In

this aim the ETIS toolkit also contained a set of questionnaires addressed to tourists, residents, municipalities and enterprises that allowed to acquire data and information useful for composing the indicators.

Slide10

Tourism SustainabilityETIS QUESTIONNAIRESocial impact of the tourism on the community % of residents who are satisfied with tourism in the destination per season% of residents satisfied with their involvement and their influence in the planning and development of tourism

Slide11

Tourism SustainabilityETIS QUESTIONNAIRECultural impact of tourism on the host community% of residents who have positive views on the impact of tourism on destination identity.Personal and common benefits% of residents who think that there are benefits for the community from tourism and tourists visiting the destination

,% of residents who think to receive personal benefits from tourism and tourists visiting the destination% of residents who think that the tourism has positive effect on his quality of life.

Slide12

VISIT SOUTH SARDINIAVisit South Sardinia has a total area of 473 km2 delimitated by a coastline spotted with sandy and rocky beaches.The DMO VSS comprises five municipalities: Cagliari (154460 inh), Domus De Maria (1675 inh),

Pula (7422 inh), Villasimius (3420 inh) Muravera

(5162 inh).

Slide13

VISIT SOUTH SARDINIASource: ISTAT census survey “Occupancy of tourist accommodation establishments”.Other municipalities

Cagliari

Slide14

The resultsThe dataSocio-demographic variablesFrequency

PercentageGender

  Female

347

58.8

Male

243

41.2

Municipality

 

 

Other

91

15.4

Cagliari

499

84.6

Age

 

 

Young people

89

15.1

Adult people

410

69.5

Elderly people

91

15.4

Educational Attainment

 

 

Lower Secondary School or less

186

31.5

Upper Secondary School

276

46.8

High School or more

128

21.7

Slide15

The resultsThe dataSocio-demographic variablesFrequency

PercentageEmployment status

  Unemployed

100

16.9

Student

83

14.1

Retired

86

14.6

Employed

319

54.1

Occupational reliance on tourism

 

 

Yes

446

75.9

No

142

21.1

Total

 588

100.0 

Slide16

The resultsThe indicatorsSocial impact of the tourism on the community N

Strongly Disagree (%)

Disagree (%)Neutral (%)

Agree (%)Strongly

Agree

(%)

Indicator

Overall, I am very satisfied with tourism in my destination in Autumn.

588

10.0

39.8

19.4

22.4

8.3

30.7

Overall, I am very satisfied with tourism in my destination in Winter.

588

14.5

41.5

18.2

18.4

7.5

25.9

Overall, I am very satisfied with tourism in my destination in Spring.

588

6.5

16.8

15.8

41.7

19.2

60.9

Overall, I am very satisfied with tourism in my destination in Summer.

588

4.9

11.7

7.8

41.7

33.8

75.5

Overall, I am very satisfied with residents’ involvement and influence in the planning and development of tourism.

587

17.0

32.5

14.8

25.4

10.2

35.6

Slide17

The resultsThe indicatorsCultural impact of tourism on the host community

NIt damages

It has no effect It helps to maintainIt helps to improve

IndicatorIn your opinion, what kind of effect does tourism have on the distinctiveness and local identity, culture and heritage of your destination?

585

1.4

10.4

27.4

60.8

60.8

Slide18

The resultsThe indicatorsPersonal and common benefitsN

Strongly Disagree (%)Disagree (%)

Neutral (%)Agree (%)

Strongly Agree (%)Indicator

There are benefits for the community from tourism and tourists visiting my destination.

587

1.2

8.2

11.9

39.7

39.0

78.7

There are benefits for myself from tourism and tourists visiting my destination.

582

5.8

27.1

22.3

29.7

14.9

44.6

N

It damages

It has no effect

It helps to maintain

It helps to improve

Indicator

In your opinion, what kind of effect does tourism have on the quality of your life in your destination?

585

2.2

9.7

19.5

68.5

68.5

Slide19

The resultsThe hypothesisInvestigation on the existence of intrinsic or extrinsic (App, 1992) factors affecting the residents’ attitudes toward tourism development.  Hypothesis 1: Is there a relationship between the positive perception of tourism and extrinsic factors? (Seasonality, Life Cycle Theory, ….)

 Autum-Winter

Autumn-SpringAutumn-SummerWinter-Spring

Winter-SummerSpring-Summer

t-statistic

1.5868

8.0523

11.7508

9.8595

13.8211

3.1031

df

588

588

588

588

588

588

p-value

0.0567

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

0.00125

Slide20

The resultsThe hypothesisHypothesis 2: Is there a relationship between the perception of the effects of tourism and the characteristic of the destination (heterogeneity among the tourist destinations represented by Cagliari and the other municipalities)?The most part of the residents (60.8%) feels that the tourism helps to improve the distinctiveness and local identity, culture and heritage of the Visit South Sardinia destination. Cagliari’s residents show a lower percentage respect the other municipalities residents.

The Indicator on the Quality of Life reports a value of 68.5% and the significant associations are verified for the place of living (c2=6.876, p-value=0.009). That means the residents in Cagliari feel less positive respect the residents in the other municipalities.

Slide21

The resultsThe hypothesisHypothesis 2a: Is there a relationship between the satisfaction and characteristic of the destination (heterogeneity among the tourist destinations represented by Cagliari and the other municipalities)?In Autumn, in Winter and in Summer, a significant difference exists regard Place of Living. While in low season the percentage of satisfied residents in Cagliari is more than two times the percentage attained in Other municipalities, the Cagliari’s residents satisfaction in Summer is lower than the Other municipalities’ residents (the first one is 0.37 times the second one satisfaction).

Slide22

The resultsThe hypothesisHypothesis 3: Is there a relationship between the satisfaction of tourism and intrinsic factors?Gender and Educational attainment do not affect the satisfaction in each season;In autumn, in Winter and in Spring a significant association exists for

Age, Work force and Occupational reliance on tourism. In particular, the elderly residents are more satisfied than young and adult residents. The unemployed and retired residents show greater levels of satisfaction respect the other employed residents, whereas students and employed residents in tourism seem to be the lowest satisfied. The residents with a job related with tourism result to be less satisfied respect to who don’t work in tourism.

Slide23

The resultsThe hypothesisHypothesis 4: Is there a relationship between the overall satisfaction of the effects of tourism and the socio demographic characteristics?Building an overall

satisfaction index ordinal factor model (Bartholomew, 2001)

Slide24

The global satisfaction index Beta

SEp-value

Standardized BetaConstant-0.423

0.232

0.069

 

Gender (reference category:

Male)

 

 

 

 

Female

0.04

0.079

0.618

0.02

Place of Living (Reference: Other municipality

)

 

 

 

Cagliari

0.325

0.108

0.003

0.121

Age (reference category: Elderly people)

 

 

 

 

Young

people

0.069

0.223

0.757

0.025

Adult people

0.178

0.169

0.292

0.084

Educational attainment (reference category: High School or more) 

Lower Secondary School or less

-0.172

0.12

0.153

-0.082

Upper

Secondary

School

-0.157

0.104

0.132

-0.08

Work force (reference category: Retired)

 

 

 

 

Unemployed

-0.235

0.187

0.209

-0.091

Employed

-0.517

0.18

0.004

-0.264

Student

-0.497

0.232

0.033

-0.176

Occupational reliance on tourism (reference category: No

)

 

 

 

Yes

-0.091

0.094

0.337

-0.04

Benefit on the community (reference category: negative or neutral) 

Positive

0.395

0.099

<0.001

0.165

Benefit on himself (reference category: negative or neutral) 

Positive

-0.001

0.083

0.992

0

Satisfaction in the planning and development of tourism (reference category: negative or neutral)

 

Positive

0.556

0.084

<0.001

0.272

Effects of the tourism on the distinctiveness and local identity (reference category: It damages or It has no effect)

  

It helps to maintain or it helps to improve

0.09

0.141

0.522

0.029

Effects of the tourism on the Quality of Life (reference category: It damages or It has no effect)

 

It helps to maintain or it helps to improve

-0.062

0.138

0.655

-0.021

 

R=0.472

R

2

=0.233

D-W=1.732

F=8.157

(df=15, Sig<0.001)

 

Slide25

The global satisfaction indexResidents living in Cagliari show higher values of GS respect to residents who live in the other municipalities of Visit South Sardinia; Employed residents and students are less satisfied respect to the retired and unemployed. Residents who recognize positive tourism’s benefits on the community are more satisfied towards tourism.Residents more satisfied in the involvement in tourism planning and development result more satisfied on the tourism.

Slide26

Conclusions and future researchETIS indicators of sustainabilityHypothesis respect the literatureGlobal satisfaction indexWhat about sustainability on VSS?

Slide27

'Visit South Sardinia' took home the top prizes for sustainability and accessibility

at the first joint ETIS and Accessible Tourism

Awards hosted by the European Commission (2016)

Visit

South

Sardinia

 

was

the

overall

winner

for

sustainability

thanks

to

its

innovative

approach

combining

EU and UN

sustainability

indicators

.

Slide28

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Slide29

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