PPT-Enzymes: The Biological

C atalysts Energy of Activation Most rea ctions do not start spontaneously They require energy such as a spark to get started This is called activation energy 2 Energy of Activation The . Pollution and Pollution Control. Chapter 1. Lecturer Dr. . Kamal. E. M. . Elkahlout. Assistant Prof. of Biotechnology. Pollution . is . one of the most . important environmental issues.. N. ot . all pollutants are manufactured or . 2. The Michaelis-Menten equation describes the initial reaction velocity as a function of substrate concentration.. When v. o. = ½ V. max. , K. M. =[S]. Thus, K. M. is the substrate concentration that yields. Baseline (Flightpath D): To be able to define the terms ‘catalyst’ and ‘enzyme. ’.. Further (Flightpath C&B ): To be able to describe the properties of enzymes. To use the lock and key theory and collision theory to explain enzyme action. IMPORTANCE. OF ENZYMES. Enzymes are biological catalysts that:. . I. ncrease. . reaction rates . by lowering the amount of energy needed for the reaction to occur. 100-1000x . faster. !!!. Activation Energy. 1. What are enzymes?. Each enzyme has only one specific reaction it can perform. . 2. How many different reactions can a single enzyme perform?. Yes, the same enzyme molecule can be used over and over. protein. !. Enzymes are . Biological . catalysts . that . increase. . the rate of metabolic reactions.. Since enzymes speed up chemical reaction rates, what are they called?. Catalyst- . A substance . Part 1. . Chapter 3. Learning outcomes. You should be able to:. explain how enzymes work. describe and explain the factors that affect. enzyme activity. use V. max. and K. m. to compare the affinity of different enzymes for their substrates. Enzyme & Substrate. An enzyme is a globular protein which acts as a biological catalyst by speeding up the rate of chemical reactions. . Enzymes are . NOT. changed or consumed by the reactions they catalyze and thus can be reused. . Restriction enzymes. Polymerase enzyme. Strand-displacing polymerases. Helicase enzymes. Discovery and Obtainability:. Most enzymes are proteins discovered in cells.. But . DNAzymes. were . descovered. Enzymes. Back when we discussed proteins, we learned that one critical function of protein was to speed up chemical reactions.. Enzymes. are the proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions. Presented . by. Ms. . P. . . H. . Giri. Department of Microbiology. Deogiri . College, Aurangabad. B.Sc. T. Y. . Semester VI. Paper No. XIX. Recombinant DNA Technology. Ms. . Priyanka. H. . Giri. DNA manipulating enzymes:. that . catalyze. (. i.e.. , . increase or decrease the rates. of) . chemical reactions. .. . In enzymatic reactions, the . molecules. at the beginning of the process are called . substrates. , and they are converted into different molecules, called the . On the surface of an enzyme, a small region called an active site binds a substrate and catalyzes a specific reaction for that substrate.. Learning . Goal . Describe enzymes and their role in enzyme-catalyzed reactions.. enzymes. . . The . substance converted by an enzyme is called a . substrate. , and a substance resulting from the conversion of the substrate is called the . product. . . The . enzyme is not consumed during the reaction catalyzed by it, so one enzyme molecule is involved in the conversion of many substrate molecules .