The Research Process Outline Advantages amp disadvantages Secondary data analysis Secondary data sources How to Start Challenges Ethical Issues Systematic Review Some selflearning resources free ID: 1043817
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1. Use of Existing Data Resources For Clinical Research
2. The Research Process
3. OutlineAdvantages & disadvantagesSecondary data analysisSecondary data sourcesHow to Start?ChallengesEthical IssuesSystematic ReviewSome self-learning resources (free!)
4. 1. Advantages & Disadvantages
5. 2. Secondary Data Analysis
6. Definition
7. a. Secondary Data Sources
8. i. Public Available Data (without owner)Department of Statistics Malaysia www.statistics.gov.my/ Population & Housing Census, MalaysiaEducation & Social CharacteristicsMeterological Department Malaysia http://www.met.gov.my/ Weather record
9. Examples of research questions
10. ii. Public Data (with owner)Public = publicly fundedRequires permission from the owner to access the data
11. Examples of research questions
12. iii. Administrative data
13. Examples of research questionsForeigners? Bill payments?
14. iv. Patient Registry Data
15. Examples of research questions
16. v. Medical records
17. Examples of research questionsHow has the patient demographic changed over 20 years?In different departments e.g. emergency? By diagnosis? By nationality?
18. vi. Linking DatabasesThere are situations when only part of the information is available in a single dataset.In such situation researchers can either supplement the data source by collecting additional data or link two or more existing data sources
19. Eg: Efficiency study of ophthalmology service
20. Primary vs Secondary DataOR
21. c. How to Start?
22. d. ChallengesAdapted from Koziol & Arthur. An Introduction to Secondary Data Analysis
23. Therefore, before AnalysisAdapted from Koziol & Arthur. An Introduction to Secondary Data Analysis
24. d. Ethical ConsiderationRisk of identifying participants exists even in large datasets, e.g. subgroup analysisConsider your responsibilities to the researchers who collected the original data? Do you need their permission to use the data set? Do you need to inform them of what you plan to do?People whose data are recorded were not directly approached for consent – would they object on how you plan to use and interpret their data? Possible to contact and ask them for consent?
25. 3. Systematic Review
26. Definition
27. Use well-defined approach to identify all relevant studiesDisplay the characteristics and results of eligible studiesCalculate a summary estimate of overall results (meta-analysis)
28. Characteristics of Systematic Review
29. Examples of research questions
30. Ethical Consideration How will you ensure you treat the work of existing researchers accurately and fairly? Does the research you are reviewing raise ethics questions that you need to address?Will you limit yourself to reports and information that is already in the public domain? Or will you contact the researchers for more detail?If you ask a study author for more detail, how will you ensure that any exchange respects ethics principles? E.g. will it affect the confidentiality originally promised to study participants?Would you exclude findings of research in your review if you were concerned about the ethics of that research?
31. DATA
32. 4. Free Online Learning Resources
33. ReferencesGrady et al. Chapter 13 Research Using Existing Data in Hulley et al. Newman Designing Clinical Research 4th Edition.Cooke CR et al. Using existing data to address important clinical questions in critical care. Crit Care Med. 2013; 41(3): 886 – 896Smith AK et al. Conducting High-Value Secondary Dataset Analysis: An Introductory Guide and Resources. J Gen Intern Med. 2011; 26(8):920 – 929.The Research Ethics Guidebook: Secondary Analysis http://www.ethicsguidebook.ac.uk/secondary-analysis-106The Research Ethics Guidebook: Literature reviews and systematic reviews http://www.ethicsguidebook.ac.uk/Literature-reviews-and-systematic-reviews-99
34. Acknowledgment to Lim Ka Keat for preparation of the core contents of this presentation.
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