Blueprint 41 4 THE BRAIN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM Communication in the Nervous System 42 Mapping the Brain 43 PSYCHOLOGY Twelfth Edition Carole Wade Carol Tavris Copyright ID: 815232
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Slide1
The Nervous System: A Basic
Blueprint
4.1
4
THE BRAIN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM
Communication in the Nervous
System
4.2
Mapping the
Brain
4.3
PSYCHOLOGY
, Twelfth Edition
| Carole Wade • Carol TavrisCopyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education Inc. All rights reserved.
A Tour Through the Brain
4.4
The Two Hemispheres of the
Brain
4.5
The Flexible
Brain
4.6
Slide2Gathers and processes information, produces responses to stimuli, and coordinates the workings of different cells
ervous
system
Slide3Figure 4.1: The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
Slide4Figure 4.2: The Autonomic Nervous System
Slide5The Nervous System
Slide6Types of Cells
Neurons:
A cell that conducts electrochemical signals
The basic unit of the nervous systemA
lso called a nerve cellGlia:
Support, nurture, and insulate neuronsRemove debris when neurons dieEnhance the formation and maintenance of neural connections
Modify neuronal functioning
Neurons
Glia
Slide7The Structure of the Neuron
Slide8How Neurons Communicate
Slide9Neurotransmitters
Hormones
Neuromodulators
Chemical Messengers in the Nervous
System
Slide10Neurotransmitters:
Versatile Couriers
Neurotransmitters
sleep, appetite, sensory perception, temperature regulation, pain suppression, mood
movement, attention, learning, memory, emotion, pleasure, reward, novelty
muscle action, arousal, vigilance, memory,
emotion
major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
major exhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
Serotonin
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
GABA
Glutamate
heart rate, stress, learning, memory
Norepinephrine
Slide11Abnormal levels have been implicated in sleep and eating disorders and in convulsive disorders such as epilepsy.
Deficits help account for devastating memory problems in people with Alzheimer’
s.
A loss of cells that produce dopamine is responsible for the tremors and rigidity of Parkinson’
s.
In multiple sclerosis, immune cells overproduce glutamate, which damages or kills
glial
cells that normally make myelin.
GABA
Neurotransmitters: Versatile Couriers
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Glutamate
Slide12Figure 4.10: Major Structures of the Human Brain
Slide13The Brain Stem and Cerebellum
Slide14The Amygdala
Slide15The Cerebrum
Slide16The Two Hemispheres: Allies or Opposites?
Left
hemisphere:
Early researchers viewed as dominant because of its linguistic and analytic talents
Right
hemisphere:
Superior at recognizing facial expressions; has spatial-visual ability; has some language ability
In most
real-life activities, the two sides cooperate naturally.