Specification Biological Rhythms Circadian Infradian and Ultradian and disruption of rhythms Sleep Stages Lifespan changes function of sleep Sleep disorders Explanations for disorder including insomnia sleep walking and narcolepsy ID: 758363
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Slide1
Biological Rhythms and Sleep (unit 3)
Specification
Biological Rhythms-
Circadian,
Infradian
and
Ultradian
and disruption of rhythms
Sleep-
Stages, Lifespan changes, function of sleep
Sleep disorders-
Explanations for disorder including insomnia, sleep walking and narcolepsySlide2
Starter
What is a Biological Rhythm?
What controls/changes our rhythms?
What can effect sleep/ our biological rhythms?Slide3
Highlighting
Provide two examples of why highlighting is ineffective
Provide two examples of how highlighting can be effective
Do you want to use a highlighter?Slide4
The Best
A
pproach
Read
an assigned
text
quickly -- first for a general overview -- then go back and seek out the details.
View
yourself as a
translator
of the material, with your job being to translate the text into your own
language
Keep
a pen or a pencil, not a highlighter, in your hand. Underline important
passages
and define terms through your own eyes
Write
notes, questions and reactions in the margins. When you read you should be having a
conversation
with the text
.
Don't
let it do all the talking -- react to it. Your response helps you formulate the
meaning
of the text.
Read
actively.Slide5
Intro to Biological Rhythms
A biorhythm is a pattern of physiological or psychological processes which repeats itself over a specified period of time.
Circa
dian
(
latin
circa= approximately,
dian
= 24 hrs)
Ultra
dian
(ultra= greater (they occur more than 24 hrs)
(
e.g
sleep cycles)
Infra
dian
(infra= lower (occur less than every 24 hours)
(
e.g
menstrual cycle)Slide6
Swap your posters
Describe each stage on your new comic strip
Hand back to the original group for markingSlide7
Circadian rhythms
These are rhythms that last 24 hours, such as the sleep wake cycle.
Our bodies have many other circadian rhythms, such as temperature regulation and bowel regulation.Slide8
Circadian rhythms – practical applications
Make three suggestions/recommendations based on the followingSlide9
Pacemakers and zeitgebers
Endo
genous pacemakers are a biological factor inside you (hormones) that sets your rhythm
Exo
genous zeitgebers are things that are outside of your body, so external to you, that set your rhythm (light)
The sleep-wake cycle is primarily controlled by EP’s but it can also be synchronised by EZ’s.
The sleep-wake cycle exists without light but light influences the cycleSlide10
The Biological Clock - How does it work?
Thought mainly to be an endogenous (internal) mechanism
Our internal rhythms are though to be generated by
protein synthesis
within the
SCN
.
Protein is produced for a period of hours until it reaches a level that inhibits further production. Over the next few hours the protein level gradually falls, when it drops to a certain
‘
threshold
’
level then production of the protein re-starts. This generates an internal (endogenous) biological rhythm – in humans of between 24 ½ and 25 hours.
This
endogenous rhythm
is regulated to keep it in line with our environmental rhythms by an
exogenous mechanismSlide11
Exogenous Zeitgebers
(external mechanism)
SCN
have a nerve input directly from the retina of the eye, so they are kept informed about the
zeitgebers
of light and darkness.
In darkness this information is transmitted to the
pineal gland
which manufactures
melatonin
a hormone which stimulates the production of
serotonin
in the
raphe nucleus
this hormone causes reduced levels of arousal and so induces sleep.When Light enters through the eyes it stimulates the SCN to produce an inhibiting factor (probably a protein) This inhibits the production of melatonin by the pineal gland and so maintains arousal levels – keeping you alert and awake!Slide12
Endogenous Pacemaker
Internal
Exogenous
Zeitgebers
light
Melatonin
Superchiasmatic nucleus
Pineal Gland
TemperatureSlide13
Nature vs Nurture or Determinism
IDA- A mixture of environmental and biological determinism interact to control your circadian rhythms.
This is because we
definitely
know that our circadian rhythms are controlled by endogenous i.e. biological factors, however as exogenous
zeitgebers
for instance light can have an impact on these rhythms that there is an element of the environment also.
So the
explanation is an interact of the two and this is definitive. Slide14
So What?
Understanding has led
to useful applications. E.g. helps us to
minimise
the unpleasant and harmful effects of disrupting the sleep-wake cycle - shift work and jet lag
It could also help us to deal with people who have circadian rhythm disorders more
effectively (this is an additional point – only use it if you are going to find out a little bit about circadian rhythm disorders)Slide15
Board:
Grounding Group task
I am going to show you a picture related to a piece of research
You must find the study on page 5 that links
To get the points on the w/b you must explain the study and provide a full grounding
Bonus points for any relevant/useful evaluation you can consider
P5Slide16
100 -200 minsSlide17
24.9Slide18
20 hrsSlide19
25 hrsSlide20
22 %Slide21
Evaluation of Research
Controlled conditions increase confidence in validity. Schochat’s research took place in a well controlled laboratory environment.
Correlation criticisms. Schochat’s relationship is correlational so only proves a relationship not the cause of the relationship.
However insomniacs treated with melatonin do find it easier to sleep.
Validity of animal research is questionable. Extrapolation from animals to humans is an issue in Morgan’s hamster study, though no reason to suppose it would be any different.Slide22
Morning Lark or Night owl?
What does this suggest about Circadian rhythm onset?Slide23
IDA example for
t
he Circadian Rhythm
The Point:
The theory enables us to understand how both ____________ ______________ and ______________ ________________ act together to control the rhythm
Explain the Point:
This is because the theory show that while __________ _________ such as the role of the SCN largely control the rhythm, ___________ _____________ , such as light, play a part in …
Resetting the rhythm
So What?
The greater understanding that the theory gives us of how the circadian rhythm is controlled, may lead to useful…
Applications
As it could help us to deal with…
People who have circadian rhythm disorders more effectively
It could also help us to minimise the unpleasant and harmful effects of
Shift work and Jet Lag
pacemakers
Exogenous
Biological
Environmental
determinism
determinism
Endogenous
zeitgebersSlide24
Practical Applications
Sleep Hygiene
Use of devices
Work/study schedules
Fitness/ sport regimeSlide25
What do you know about disrupting circadian rhythms based on the homework
Jet Lag
Shift work
Use the following terms
Zeitgebers
, internal and external, disrupts,