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Biological Rhythms and Sleep (unit 3) Biological Rhythms and Sleep (unit 3)

Biological Rhythms and Sleep (unit 3) - PowerPoint Presentation

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Biological Rhythms and Sleep (unit 3) - PPT Presentation

Specification Biological Rhythms Circadian Infradian and Ultradian and disruption of rhythms Sleep Stages Lifespan changes function of sleep Sleep disorders Explanations for disorder including insomnia sleep walking and narcolepsy ID: 758363

rhythm rhythms circadian sleep rhythms rhythm sleep circadian biological zeitgebers light endogenous cycle work hours internal protein exogenous controlled study production dian

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Slide1

Biological Rhythms and Sleep (unit 3)

Specification

Biological Rhythms-

Circadian,

Infradian

and

Ultradian

and disruption of rhythms

Sleep-

Stages, Lifespan changes, function of sleep

Sleep disorders-

Explanations for disorder including insomnia, sleep walking and narcolepsySlide2

Starter

What is a Biological Rhythm?

What controls/changes our rhythms?

What can effect sleep/ our biological rhythms?Slide3

Highlighting

Provide two examples of why highlighting is ineffective

Provide two examples of how highlighting can be effective

Do you want to use a highlighter?Slide4

The Best

A

pproach

Read

an assigned

text

quickly -- first for a general overview -- then go back and seek out the details.

View

yourself as a

translator

of the material, with your job being to translate the text into your own

language

Keep

a pen or a pencil, not a highlighter, in your hand. Underline important

passages

and define terms through your own eyes

Write

notes, questions and reactions in the margins. When you read you should be having a

conversation

with the text

.

Don't

let it do all the talking -- react to it. Your response helps you formulate the

meaning

of the text.

Read

actively.Slide5

Intro to Biological Rhythms

A biorhythm is a pattern of physiological or psychological processes which repeats itself over a specified period of time.

Circa

dian

(

latin

circa= approximately,

dian

= 24 hrs)

Ultra

dian

(ultra= greater (they occur more than 24 hrs)

(

e.g

sleep cycles)

Infra

dian

(infra= lower (occur less than every 24 hours)

(

e.g

menstrual cycle)Slide6

Swap your posters

Describe each stage on your new comic strip

Hand back to the original group for markingSlide7

Circadian rhythms

These are rhythms that last 24 hours, such as the sleep wake cycle.

Our bodies have many other circadian rhythms, such as temperature regulation and bowel regulation.Slide8

Circadian rhythms – practical applications

Make three suggestions/recommendations based on the followingSlide9

Pacemakers and zeitgebers

Endo

genous pacemakers are a biological factor inside you (hormones) that sets your rhythm

Exo

genous zeitgebers are things that are outside of your body, so external to you, that set your rhythm (light)

The sleep-wake cycle is primarily controlled by EP’s but it can also be synchronised by EZ’s.

The sleep-wake cycle exists without light but light influences the cycleSlide10

The Biological Clock - How does it work?

Thought mainly to be an endogenous (internal) mechanism

Our internal rhythms are though to be generated by

protein synthesis

within the

SCN

.

Protein is produced for a period of hours until it reaches a level that inhibits further production. Over the next few hours the protein level gradually falls, when it drops to a certain

threshold

level then production of the protein re-starts. This generates an internal (endogenous) biological rhythm – in humans of between 24 ½ and 25 hours.

This

endogenous rhythm

is regulated to keep it in line with our environmental rhythms by an

exogenous mechanismSlide11

Exogenous Zeitgebers

(external mechanism)

SCN

have a nerve input directly from the retina of the eye, so they are kept informed about the

zeitgebers

of light and darkness.

In darkness this information is transmitted to the

pineal gland

which manufactures

melatonin

a hormone which stimulates the production of

serotonin

in the

raphe nucleus

this hormone causes reduced levels of arousal and so induces sleep.When Light enters through the eyes it stimulates the SCN to produce an inhibiting factor (probably a protein) This inhibits the production of melatonin by the pineal gland and so maintains arousal levels – keeping you alert and awake!Slide12

Endogenous Pacemaker

Internal

Exogenous

Zeitgebers

light

Melatonin

Superchiasmatic nucleus

Pineal Gland

TemperatureSlide13

Nature vs Nurture or Determinism

IDA- A mixture of environmental and biological determinism interact to control your circadian rhythms.

This is because we

definitely

know that our circadian rhythms are controlled by endogenous i.e. biological factors, however as exogenous

zeitgebers

for instance light can have an impact on these rhythms that there is an element of the environment also.

So the

explanation is an interact of the two and this is definitive. Slide14

So What?

Understanding has led

to useful applications. E.g. helps us to

minimise

the unpleasant and harmful effects of disrupting the sleep-wake cycle - shift work and jet lag

It could also help us to deal with people who have circadian rhythm disorders more

effectively (this is an additional point – only use it if you are going to find out a little bit about circadian rhythm disorders)Slide15

Board:

Grounding Group task

I am going to show you a picture related to a piece of research

You must find the study on page 5 that links

To get the points on the w/b you must explain the study and provide a full grounding

Bonus points for any relevant/useful evaluation you can consider

P5Slide16

100 -200 minsSlide17

24.9Slide18

20 hrsSlide19

25 hrsSlide20

22 %Slide21

Evaluation of Research

Controlled conditions increase confidence in validity. Schochat’s research took place in a well controlled laboratory environment.

Correlation criticisms. Schochat’s relationship is correlational so only proves a relationship not the cause of the relationship.

However insomniacs treated with melatonin do find it easier to sleep.

Validity of animal research is questionable. Extrapolation from animals to humans is an issue in Morgan’s hamster study, though no reason to suppose it would be any different.Slide22

Morning Lark or Night owl?

What does this suggest about Circadian rhythm onset?Slide23

IDA example for

t

he Circadian Rhythm

The Point:

The theory enables us to understand how both ____________ ______________ and ______________ ________________ act together to control the rhythm

Explain the Point:

This is because the theory show that while __________ _________ such as the role of the SCN largely control the rhythm, ___________ _____________ , such as light, play a part in …

Resetting the rhythm

So What?

The greater understanding that the theory gives us of how the circadian rhythm is controlled, may lead to useful…

Applications

As it could help us to deal with…

People who have circadian rhythm disorders more effectively

It could also help us to minimise the unpleasant and harmful effects of

Shift work and Jet Lag

pacemakers

Exogenous

Biological

Environmental

determinism

determinism

Endogenous

zeitgebersSlide24

Practical Applications

Sleep Hygiene

Use of devices

Work/study schedules

Fitness/ sport regimeSlide25

What do you know about disrupting circadian rhythms based on the homework

Jet Lag

Shift work

Use the following terms

Zeitgebers

, internal and external, disrupts,