122144 How did the War of 1812 and its political consequences affect the developing Canadian identity CHAPTER INQUIRY TERMS Liberators Invaders British North America BNA United Empire Loyalists Loyalists ID: 586267
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Chapter 6: Becoming Canada(122-144)Slide2
How did the War of 1812 and its political consequences affect the developing Canadian identity?
CHAPTER INQUIRYSlide3
TERMS
LiberatorsInvadersBritish North America (BNA)United Empire Loyalists (Loyalists)TraitorsRefugeesDiscriminationDeadlockUpper and Lower CanadaChateau CliqueFamily CompactReformersResponsible GovernmentQuarantine StationSlide4
Rebellion in the Thirteen Colonies
Conflict Renewed: The War of 1812The Great MigrationDivided SocietyThe Road to Responsible GovernmentMAIN CONCEPTSSlide5
Sir Frederick Haldimand General Isaac Brock
TecumsehLouis-Joseph Papineau (Lower Canada)William Lyon Mackenzie (Upper Canada)PEOPLESlide6
Think about this time period:
(1763-1850)What Happened?Over 40,000 British Immigrants came to Canada during that time! Also know as, REFUGEES!TIME FRAMESlide7
British influences on Canada:
Language, Religion, Ways of LifeBritish Influences on Canada: Language, Religion, Ways of LifeBRITAINCANADASlide8
WAR
New Colonies Were CreatedFirst Nations felt Betrayed by British GovernmentBuilding a Bilingual CountryGovernmentWhat Happened When They Got To Canada?Slide9
FRIENDLY REMINDER
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1774, Quebec Act.In 1775
, a rebellion EXPLODED in Britain’s 13 Colonies!A HUGE migration of refugees came to Canada. That is many new English speaking people.13 colonies south of the St.Lawrence were very prosperous, but not happy.Only trade with the home countryHigh taxes on importsThe Quebec Act gave the Ohio Valley to Quebec, not the Thirteen colonies.In 1775, the first shots of the War of Independence were fired!Things are Heating Up!!!Slide11
America rebels hoped the Canadiens would join their revolt.
So…they:Captured MontrealMoved on to Quebec City (The picture displays this fight. The Americans ended up backing off, for now!)Slide12Slide13
Failed Invasion…
1776, people from many cultures lived in the Thirteen colonies.Not all supported the rebellion.United Empire Loyalists all opposed the war.American rebels treated loyalists as traitorsTraitors were often tar and feathered.Lost all property and possessionsFled North and became refugeesThis changed Canadian identity.Slide14
Some did not believe in using violence to settle disputes.
Some had business ties with the British.Some were in military regiments that had fought on the British side.Some were enslaved African Americans seeking freedom or a more welcoming society.Some were First Nations peoples who had lost their land to the Americans.Why did Loyalists Oppose War?Slide15
Over 40,000 travelled to Canada (including blacks)Many traveled by ship to Nova Scotia
Doubled the population of NS and created new communities, but problems arose: They wanted their own COLONIES.Britain agreed:1784 (To Divide Nova Scotia into 2 parts)New Brunswick and Cape Breton. Ile Saint Jean became Prince Edward Island1791 (To Divide Quebec into 2 parts- start of bilingualism)Constitutional Act - Upper Canada (Land West of Ottawa river – Southern Ontario) - Lower Canada (East of Ottawa River – old colony of Quebec)LOYALISTS Slide16Slide17
WHERE? BNAWHY COULDN’T THEY GET ALONG?
Britain was at war with France. It stopped Americans from trading with the French.The British were kidnapping American sailors to serve in the British Navy.The British were supporting the First Nations in the struggle for land.Some Americans wanted to take over Britain’s Colonies. WAR of 1812: Britain VS U.S.A!Slide18
Most English colonists who moved to Canada were Americans, they arrived after loyalists.Came for cheap land, not loyalty to Britain.
More American colonists than loyalists.Atlantic colonies traded with the AmericansNew France was long lost, they are Canadians now, not French.Could the British count on loyalty??Slide19
#1 1812: Battle of
Queenston (1st Major Battle of War of 1812 in Ontario)#2 1813: Battle in Moraviantown(Tecumseh)http://www.eighteentwelve.ca/?q=eng/Topic/29#3 1813: Battle of Chateauguay(Montreal, Figure 6.14)#4 1840: Battle of Saint-Eustache (British troops set church on fire)DIFFERENT BATTLESSlide20
Deadlock: This is how the War of 1812 ended.
Treaty of Ghent ended war in 1814.Both sides had to return any territory they gained. Both sides viewed it as victory.In the War…About 15, 000 First Nations died.IMPACT OF WARSlide21
Plan was to fill colonies with people from: Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and England, to live on farmland.Big thing back then was FARMING.
1815-1850 (35 years) more than 800,000 immigrants came to ports of Halifax, Saint John, and Quebec City.# 3 - THE GREAT MIGRATIONSlide22
In Britain, the population was growing rapidly, but jobs were scarce.
Farmers were being forced off the land.Poverty and hunger were common. Ireland suffered a terrible famine, forcing many rural people to flee.With peace, ocean travel was now safer.The colonies offered free land, new opportunities, and a chance for a better life.Why Did So Many People Want To Leave Britain to Live in Colonies?Slide23Slide24
“They brought a British flavour
to their new communities.”Immigrants travelled to Canada by “coffin ships”, most ending up in Quebec city and Montreal.“Canada became a haven for many former enslaved people.”In 1847, Irish potato crop failed, 100,000 set sail for North America.1865 – United States ended slavery.A Very British ColonySlide25
Each colony had its own governor and an elected assembly.Governor + 2 Councils =
POWERChateau Clique (Lower Canada)Family Compact (Upper Canada)They both were Anglophone friends/relatives of the Governor. They also passed laws that favored their own interests.GOVERNMENT IN COLONIESSlide26
1874 – Voting remained public until then.
92 Resolutions to the Assembly: Papineau (Lower Canada: Fig 6.25)7th Report on Grievances: William Mackenzie (Upper Canada: Fig 6.27)Both leaders fled to the United States.REFORMERSSlide27
Fig 6.25 Page: 141Slide28
1838 – Sent Lord Durham to Canada. He was a wealthy British Noble and Politician.
He made 2 recommendations for CHANGE:Unite Upper & Lower Canada into a single colony.Grant the colonies responsible government.LORD DURHAM’S REPORTSlide29
1841 – The Act of the Union
Combine upper and lower Canada.English became the official language of government.The Union of the CanadaSlide30
Epi. 5, 49:21-56
:36)(Epi. 5, 3:20-8:27)CANADA’S PEOPLESSlide31
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fsfz3f18NxU
(War of 1812 – Arrogant Worms)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3spRxo4CKY(Cause of War of 1812)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nRIQVNUI4I(War of 1812)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9Tj477CHnc(The Great Migration)YOU TUBE CLIPS