Forming the Present, Imperfect, and Perfect Tenses in Latin - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Forming the Present, Imperfect, and Perfect Tenses in LatinSlide2

Present Tense:

The present tense is formed by connecting the PRESENT TENSE STEM to the PRESENT TENSE VOWEL and then the PRESENT TENSE ENDINGS (specific to each conjugation)Slide3

First, decide which conjugation your verb belongs to. Remember the table you memorized:

First Part

Second Part

Conjugation

-o

-are

first

-

eo

-ere

second

-o (

or

–

io

)

-ere

third

-

io

-ire

fourthSlide4

Then, find the PRESENT TENSE STEM. For most verbs, just remove the –o from the first part. If the verb is from the second conjugation, remove the –

eo

. If the verb ends in –

io

, remove the –

io

.

amstupagadven

o

eo

o

ioSlide5

Once you have the PRESENT TENSE

STEM,

add the PRESENT TENSE VOWEL . The vowel for each conjugation is in the chart below, which you must memorize.

Conjugation

Present Tense Vowel

First

a

Second

e

Third

i

Fourth

iSlide6

Next, add the endings. If the first part of the verb ended in –

io

, you must keep the “i” in two places: when you add the –o ending and when you add the -nt

ending. Remember that Latin does not like the –

int

combination at the end of verbs, so it will become –

unt

. If the verb ends in -io, it will become –iunt.

-o (I …)

-

mus

(we…)

-s (you….)-tis (you plural….)-t (she, he, it….s)-nt (they….)

Present Tense EndingsSlide7

Examples

ago

I drive

agimus

we drive

agis

you drive

agitis

you

(all) drive

agit

he, she, it drives

agunt

they

drive

amo

I

like

amamus

we

like

amas

you

like

amatis

you

(all)

like

amat

he, she, it

likes

amant

they

likeSlide8

Imperfect Tense:

The imperfect tense is formed by connecting the PRESENT TENSE STEM to the IMPERFECT TENSE VOWEL and then the IMPERFECT TENSE ENDINGS (specific to each conjugation)Slide9

Once you have the PRESENT TENSE

STEM,

add the IMPERFECT TENSE VOWEL . The vowel for each conjugation is in the chart below, which you must memorize.

Conjugation

Imperfect Tense Vowel

First

a

Second

e

Third

e

(

ie)FourthieSlide10

Next, add the endings.

-bam (I was…

ing

)

-

bamus

(we were ….

ing)-bas (you were…ing)-

batis

(you

plural

were …

ing)-bat (she, he, it was …ing)-bant (they were…ing)

Imperfect Tense EndingsSlide11

Examples

adveniebam

I was arriving

adveniebamus

we were arriving

adveniebas

you were arriving

adveniebatis

you (all)

were arriving

adveniebat

he, she, it was arriving

adveniebant

they were

arriving

stupebam

I was gaping

stupebamus

we were

gaping

stupebas

you were gaping

stupebatis

you (all) were

gaping

stupebat

he, she, it

was

gaping

stupebant

they were gapingSlide12

Perfect Tense:

The perfect tense is formed by connecting the PERFECT TENSE STEM to the PERFECT TENSE ENDINGSSlide13

Now you need to know the THIRD part of each verb, because that’s the PERFECT STEM!!! Just take off the –i to find the stem.

amo

amare

amav

stupeo

stupere stupu

ago

agere

eg

advenio advenire adven

i

i

iiSlide14

Then add the PERFECT TENSE ENDINGS and you are done!

-i (…

ed

)

-

imus

(we …ed)-isti (you

…

ed

)

-

istis (you plural …ed)-it (she, he, it …ed)-

erunt

(they …ed)Slide15

Examples

adveni

I arrived

advenimus

we

arrived

advenisti

you arrived

advenistis

you (all)

arrived

advenit

he, she, it arrived

advenerunt

they arrived

egi

I drove

egimus

we drove

egisti

you drove

egistis

you drove

egit

he, she, it

drove

egerunt

they droveSlide16

So, you should now be able to identify which tense a verb is in: present, imperfect or perfect.

amavisti

perfect

stupent

present

adveniebamus

imperfectSlide17

After reviewing the tenses presented here, you must take the multiple choice quiz on X2. This quiz will ask you to identify the TENSE of a few verbs.

See you tomorrow!