Teachers exemplars Science These science exemplars are a companion to the Graphic Organisers resource book available at wwwslssie Water treatment dirty water clean water CHLORINATION FILTERING ID: 298511
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Graphic OrganisersTeachers’ exemplars – ScienceThese science exemplars are a companion to the Graphic Organisers resource book available at www.slss.ieSlide2
Water treatment
dirty water
clean water
CHLORINATION
FILTERING
SETTLING
SCREENING
FLOURIDATIONSlide3
Plant reproduction
germination
dispersal
Seed & fruit formation
fertilisation
pollination
dormancySlide4
Titration – preparing burette
clamp burette
vertically with funnel
in place
check at eye level using white sheet of paper
fill tap at bottom of burette
re-fill with solution
using funnel
rinse with solution
to be used
rinse through funnel
with deionised water
bring meniscus to line using a dropper
remove funnelSlide5
Stages in digestion
ingestion
digestion
absorption
assimilation
egestionSlide6
Organisation levels
cells
tissues
organs
systems
organism
moleculesSlide7
Scientific method
Science
problem
observe
devise experiment
carry out
analyse
present
health & safety
reviewSlide8
Alimentary Canal
Biology – food passing through the digestive system
mouth
oesophagus
stomach
duodenum
ileum
caecum
colon
rectum
anusSlide9
Microscopic study of plant cells
Science, Biology
what to do, and why
cut thin piece of onion epidermis
to view single cells
place on slide with drop of water
add stain e.g. iodine
stop it drying out
make more visible
lower cover slip at 45
o
angle
prevent air bubbles
secure and view at low power then high powerSlide10
Quark
model
alchemy
atom
sub-atomic particles in nucleus
radiation
alpha
and
beta
Chemistry Slide11
Growing bacteria on agar plates
Source of bacteria
Lift lid slightly
Spreads out bacteria
Prevents contamination
Streak
plate
Replace lid, seal, label
Prevent condensation
Incubate
Invert
Prevents contaminationSlide12
Making Oxygen Gas
Use H
2
O
2
and MnO
2
Test tubes under water
Set up equipment
To make
O
2
To
collect
gas
Fill three tubes with O
2
Put glowing splint to tube – it re-lights if gas is oxygen
To release O
2
Drop H
2
O
2
on to MnO
2
Source
of O
2
Catalyst
To
do test Slide13
Photosynthesis
sunlight
chlorophyll
carbon dioxide
water
photosynthesisSlide14
Rates of reaction
particle size
concentration
temperature
nature of reactants
Rate of reaction
catatystSlide15
L.C. Physics
current
force
conductor
magnetic
fieldSlide16
Preparation of oxygen gas
H
2
O
2
hydrogen peroxide
tap funnel
MnO
2
manganese dioxide
oxygen gas
beehive shelf
tubing
collecting jars
trough of waterSlide17
7 characteristics of living things
movement
excretion
respiration
life
growth
feeding
reproduction
sensitivitySlide18
Excretion in the Kidney
salts
ions
Potassium ions
urine
H
2
UREA
water
hormonesSlide19
7 characteristics of living things
If it has all these – its alive!!
nutrition
respiration
growth
movement
reproduction
response
excretion
need
food to release energy
energy released from food
to get food, shelter, mate; away from danger
senses & reactions make sure we move the right way!
must grow to adult before reproducing
make more
or be
extinct !
all these activities create toxic waste which must be releasedSlide20
Organic chemistry
organic compounds
alkanes
alkynes
aldehydes
alkenes
alcohols
ketones
esters
carboxylic acids
C C
C=C
C-C
=O
-OH
O
C
OH
=
-
C
O
R
=
C-C-C
O
-ane
methane
heating fuel
-ene
Al
2
O
3
+ C
2
H
5
OH
aluminium oxide and alcohol
plastics
-anol
ethanol
beers, spirits
-anone
solvents
propan-2-ol +
-anoate
making soap
flavourings
organic
compounds
-anoic acid
ethanoic acid
vinegar
-anal
ethanol + H
2
SO
4
perfumes, fruit
-yne
H
2
O + CaC
2
cutting, weldingSlide21
Systems & organs of the human
some human body systems
excretory
digestive
respiratory
circulatory
kidney
bladder
ureter
urethra
skin
lungs
heart
arteries
vein
capillaries
mouth
oesophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
anus
(liver)
nose
trachea
bronchus
bronchiole
alveoliSlide22
Human Nutrition
Food &
nutrition
water
def = stunted growth
carbohydrate
fats
proteins
fibre
vitamins
minerals
CHO
bread, pasta
energy
glucose = Benedict’s test
starch = iodine test
deficiency = lack of energy
cellulose
bran, fruit
deficiency = constipation
aids peristalsis
deficiency = scurvy
eg VIT C
connective tissue
in citrus fruits
eg Fe
red meat
haemoglobin
deficiency = anaemia
CHO
CHON
oils, butter
energy storage
brown paper test
molecules =
3 fatty acids:1 glycerol
eggs, meat
growth & repair
NaOH & CuSO
4
amino acidsSlide23
Atomic Structure
Sub-atomic particles
Periodic table
Böhr Diagram
Bonding
Location
Charges
proton
neutron
electron
ionic
covalent
molecules
valency
empty space
shells
nucleus
Proton = positive
Electron = negative
Neutron = neutral
ions
atomic no.
shells
mass no.
group
“BAT” STAIRCASE
Nuclear formula
Electronic configuration
atoms
Atomic Structure
valency
structure
chargesSlide24
Ecology key terms
environmental factors
Ecology
Field work
plants
tools
tools
animals
tools
results
pie charts
bar charts
quantitative:
% cover
% frequency
quadrat
line transect
wind
light
temperature
qualitative
pooter
pitfall trap
beating tray
thermometer
light meter
anemometerSlide25
Radioactivity...
radioactivity
type
hazards
uses
precautions
alpha
beta
gamma
burns
leukaemia
clothing
shielding
use tongs
nuclear reactor
genetic defects
cataracts
death
don’t eat or drink
don’t smoke
food irradiation
carbon dating
medical therapy
medical imaging
fuel
moderator
fuel rods
heat exchangerSlide26
What we look for on the microscope
eyepiece
lens
objective
nosepiece
stage
clips
focus wheel
coarse
fine
light microscope
lightSlide27
What we need to remember about light
luminous
shadow
lens
microscope
transparent
reflection
mirror
refraction
7
colours
fine
light
light
periscope
eye
rainbow
eclipse
sun, star
dispersalSlide28
Human Hormones
testosterone
FSH
insulin
progesterone
adrenaline
LH
growth hormone
endocrine system
prolactin
oestrogen
thyroxine
oxytocinSlide29
What we need to remember about light
luminous
shadow
lens
microscope
transparent
reflection
mirror
refraction
7
colours
fine
light
light
periscope
eye
rainbow
eclipse
sun, star
dispersalSlide30
Separation techniques
Insoluble solid from liquid
Funnel, filter paper, beaker, flask
Sand from water
Soluble solid from liquid
Bunsen , tripod, gauze, beaker, evaporating dish
Salt from water
Soluble solid from liquid; two liquids of different BP
Condenser,
bunsen
, clamps, flask, beaker, stand
Dye from wine, coke
Dyes with different
solubilities
from liquid
Chromato-graphy
paper, jar, ink, dropper, pencil
Dyes from black marker
Filtration
Evaporation
Distillation
Chromatography
Topic
Criteria
What ?
Apparatus
Sample
substances
Draw the
diagram
State
resultSlide31
Cross Classification – blood cells
red
white
platelet
cells
criteria
source
function
no/mm
3
shape
nameSlide32
Cross Classification – blood vessels
artery
vein
capillary
vessels
criteria
function
pressure
wall
valves
lumenSlide33
Cell structures – animal & plantAnimal cell
Plant cell
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleusnuclear membrane
nuclear poresnucleolusDNAmitochondrionribosomes
chloroplast
cell wall
vacuole
centrioleSlide34
Comparing forms of energywind
nuclear
Cheap
Large supply
Dangerous waste
No waste
Renewable Slide35
Bonding covalent
ionic
Electrons
involvedHolds particles together
Given & taken
Charged particles =
ions
LHS&RHS of periodic table
Crystals,
solids
Shared
No charged particles
Centre of periodic tableMoleculesLiquids &gases Slide36
gases: oxygen v. carbon dioxidecarbon dioxidegas
oxygen
gas
transparent
found in air
use H
2
O
2
+ MnO
2 to makerelights a glowing splintneeded by all living things for respiration
released by plants in photosynthesis
use HCl + CaCO
3 to maketurns limewater milkyneeded by plants for photosynthesisreleased by all living things in respirationSlide37
Endocrine system: male v. female
male
female
adrenals
adrenaline
pituitary
hormones: growth,lutenising, antidiuretic,
follicle stimulatingthyroidthyroxineparathyroids
parathormonepancreasinsulin
ovaries
oestrogen
progesterone
pituitary
oxytocin
testestestosteroneSlide38
RNA v. DNA
DNA
RNA
single strand
ribose
uracil
found in cytoplasm and in ribsosome
found in nucleus
adenine
cytosine
guanine
double strand
deoxyribose
thymine
does not leave nucleusSlide39
mitosis v. meiosis
meiosis
mitosis
2 daughter cells
single cycle of division
identical daughter cells
cell division
require energy
“reduction division”
two cycles of division
4 daughter cells
non-identical daughter cellsSlide40
Photosynthesis v. Respiration
photosynthesis
respiration
part of the cycles of nature
take place in cells
takes place in stages
only in plant cells
chloroplast
CO
2
in, O2 outmakes glucose
all living things
mitochondrion
O2 in CO2 outbreaks down glucoseSlide41
Control systems: nervous v. endocrine
endocrine system
nervous system
react to internal and external stimuli
messages sent from one part of body to another
co-ordination
rapid response
short lived response
electrical impulse via neurons
CNS + PNS connected
male & female same
response usually slower
longer-lasting response
chemical messengers in blood
localised, separate glandsmale and femalesdifferSlide42
renewable v. non-renewable energy
non-renewable
renewable
both need to be managed carefully
both cost money to deliver
forever
wind
sun
wave
bio-fuels
will run out
fossil fuels – oil, coal, peat, gasSlide43
1st year science pre-learning
atoms
gases
air
fuels
Biology
Chemistry
Physics
electronics
plants
animals
food
light
electricitySlide44
Sub-atomic particles
All in the atom
Electron
Neutron
Proton
Positively charged,
Determines atomic no.
Number is constant
Negatively charged,
Almost no mass!!
Can be removed or added,
In constant motion in orbits
Charged
In the nucleus, similar mass, the sum of these is the mass no.
Not charged,
No. can vary (isoptope)Slide45
Comparing organs of excretion
excess water
kidney
skin
lungs
carbon dioxide
salts
urea
active transport
water as vapour
water as liquid
diffusion
[other functions:
protective, sensory, heat regulation]
[other function:
breathing]
[other functions:
osmoregulation]
2
1Slide46
Separation techniques
evaporation
chromatography
distillation
sex-linked disease
What happens
What happens
What happens
What happens
Equipment
Equipment
Equipment
Equipment Slide47
Le Chatelier’s Principle
pressure
catalyst
?
temp
decrease
removal
N
2
+ 3 H
2
⇌ 2 NH
3
ΔH = −92kJ mol
-1
increase
decrease
add
n
add
n
removal
increaseSlide48
Trends in the Periodic Table
energy values
reactivity
ionisation energy
atomic radius
Periods
Decreasing atomic
radius
no screening effect
no new shell, larger nucleus
Increases along periods
Groups
increase going up
Group 1, only need 1 e
-
atomic radius decreases, nucleus has stronger hold
Groups
increase going
down groups
adding new shell
screening effect
Periods
decrease along periods
no new shell
larger nucleus, stronger hold
Groups
Decreases down groups
adding new shell i.e.
further away
increases screening effect
Periods
decreases
along periods
no new shell
larger nucleus, stronger hold
Groups
increase down Group 1
1 e
-
on outer shell, getting further from nucleus
Groups
increase going down
adding new shell
increased screening effectSlide49
mass no. &
relative atomic no.
elements,
atoms,
symbols
periodic
table
atomic
structure
groups &
periods
metals v. non-metals
Junior Cycle ScienceSlide50
uses
experiments
properties
Light
what is it?
laws
Junior Cycle Science:Slide51
binary fission
generalised structure of prokaryotic cell
Bacteria
harmful effects
beneficial effects
endospore formationSlide52
Cockcroft & Walton’s exp.
particles
particle physics
annihilation
pair production
4 fundamental forcesSlide53
Initial
velocity
displacement
mechanics
force
acceleraiton
Final velocitySlide54
What happens in plant reproduction?
Q 1 What happens in pollination?
Q 2 What happens in fertilization?
Answer
Answer
Q 3 What happens in seed dispersal?
Q 4 What happens in germination?
Answer
AnswerSlide55
Functions of the skeleton
Q 1 How does the skeleton function as a support to the body?
Q 2 How does the skeleton act as a protection for the body?
Answer
Answer
Q 3 How does the skeleton act in movement in the body?
Q 4 How does the skeleton act in making blood in the body?
Answer
Answer