A science dealing with the properties distribution and circulation of water David Tarboton httpwwwengineeringusuedudtarb dtarbusuedu CEE6400 Physical Hydrology httpwwwengineeringusuedudtarbcee6400 ID: 542291
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Slide1
Hydrology
A science dealing with the properties, distribution and circulation of water.
David Tarboton
http://www.engineering.usu.edu/dtarb/
dtarb@usu.edu
CEE6400 Physical Hydrology
http://www.engineering.usu.edu/dtarb/cee6400
Slide2
My Teaching
Physical Hydrology (CEE6400)
This course
GIS in Water Resources
Online (CEE6440)
A linked classroom course presented in partnership with David
Maidment
at the University of Texas at
Austin.
Engineering Hydrology (CEE3430)
Spring
Online Module - Rainfall
Runoff Processes
http://www.engineering.usu.edu/dtarb/rrp.htmlSlide3
Theme
To advance the capability for
hydrologic prediction
by developing
models
that take advantage of new information and process
understanding
enabled by
new technology
TopicsHydrologic information systems (includes GIS)Terrain analysis using digital elevation models – Parallel computation for watershed delineationSnow hydrology and glacier melt modelingHydrologic modelingHydrological Consequences of Global Climate Change for Stream Biodiversity
Research
3Slide4
Hydrology and Water Resources
The availability of water to sustain life is perhaps the most recurrent constraint in human history and will remain so in the foreseeable future.Slide5
From
http://www.doi.gov/water2025/index.htmlSlide6
Hydrologic Science in the hierarchy from basic sciences to water resources management
Basic Sciences
Mathematics
Statistics
Physics
ChemistryBiologyGeosciencesGeology
Soil ScienceAtmospheric ScienceOcean ScienceGlaciologyGeochemistry
Fluid Mechanics
Hydraulic EngineeringMeteorologyHydrologic Science
EconomicsLawSociologyPolitical ScienceEngineering HydrologyAgricultureForestry
Water Resources Management
Modified From: National Research Council Committee on Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences (COHS), (1991),
Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences
, Editor, P. S.
Eagleson
, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.Slide7
The Hydrologic Cycle
From Ross WoodsSlide8
From Chow et al., 1988Slide9
Global water balance fluxes and stores
Storage in km
3
. Fluxes in km
3
/yr
From Dingman, 2002
From
Brutsaert, 2005Slide10
Continental Water Balance m/yr
From Chow et al., 1988
0.73
0.73
0.69
0.67
0.74
EuropeAsiaAfricaN AmericaAustralia
Data from Brutsaert, 2005, Table 1.2
0.320.290.140.290.230.410.440.550.380.51Slide11
World Water Balance
From
Brutsaert
, 2005Slide12
Atmospheric Water
Soil Water
Surface Water
Groundwater
Water Balance
Change of Storage
= Inflow - OutflowSlide13
Watershed delineated on a topographic mapSlide14
Watershed water balance
P
ET
Q
G
out
G
in
SSlide15Slide16
Hydrologic Data and Hydrologic Budget
USGS
http://waterdata.usgs.gov
Logan River Mean Annual Flow 236.8
cfs
Streamstats http://water.usgs.gov/osw/streamstats/Logan River Mean annual precipitation in inches 35.5Area 214 mi2
What is the Evapotranspiration from the Logan River Catchment and what is its uncertainty?Slide17
Temporal Variability of Hydrologic DataSlide18
Logan River Annual Aggregate Time Series
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
cfs
mean cfs
7 day min cfs
max cfsSlide19
Random variables
Probability density
function
Cumulative distribution
functionSlide20
From
Dingman
, 2002Slide21
From
Dingman
, 2002Slide22Slide23Slide24Slide25
Mean of Monthly Streamflow. Alafia RiverSlide26Slide27
Alafia River:
Monthly streamflow distributionSlide28
From
Dingman
, 2002Slide29
From
Dingman
, 2002Slide30
Alafia river: Autocorrelation
Autocorrelation of standardized flowSlide31
Storage-Yield Analysis
Used to size a reservoir given a streamflow time series.Slide32
Storage-Yield Analysis
Sequent Peak Procedure
K
t
= K
t-1
+ Rt – Q
t If Kt
< 0, Kt=0
S = Max(Kt)Rt = ySlide33Slide34Slide35
Reservoir Storage-Yield Analysis
R/QSlide36
Box Plot
Outliers: beyond 1.5*IQR
Whiskers: 1.5*IQR or largest value
Box: 25th %tile to 75th %tile
Line: Median (50th %tile) -
not
the mean
Note: The range shown by the box is called the “Inter-Quartile Range” or IQR.
This is a
robust measure of spread. It is insensitive to outliers since it is based purely on the rank of the values.Slide37
Reservoir Reliability AnalysisSlide38
From
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/13/us/13mead.html
Barnett, T. P., and D. W. Pierce (2008), When will Lake Mead go dry?,
Water
Resour
. Res., doi:10.1029/2007WR006704, in press. Slide39
From NRC Colorado River Basin Management, 2007Slide40
From NRC Colorado River Basin Management, 2007Slide41
From NRC Colorado River Basin Management, 2007Slide42
From NRC Colorado River Basin Management, 2007Slide43
From NRC Colorado River Basin Management, 2007Slide44Slide45
Lake Powell Capacity 27 MAFSlide46
Reading
Loucks
, D. P., E. van
Beek
, J. R. Stedinger
, J. P. M. Dijkman and M. T. Villars, (2005), Water Resources Systems Planning and Management: An Introduction to Methods, Models and Applications, UNESCO, Paris, 676 p, http://hdl.handle.net/1813/2804. Tarboton, D. G., (1994), "The Source Hydrology of Severe Sustained Drought in the Southwestern United States," Journal of Hydrology
, 161: 31-69, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)90120-1.Barnett, T. P. and D. W. Pierce, (2008), "When will Lake Mead go dry?," Water Resour. Res., 44: W03201, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006704.
National Research Council Committee on the Scientific Bases of Colorado River Basin Water Management, (2007), Colorado River Basin Water Management: Evaluating and Adjusting to Hydroclimatic Variability, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, http://books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11857.