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Lesson 15.2:  The Crisis Deepens Lesson 15.2:  The Crisis Deepens

Lesson 15.2: The Crisis Deepens - PowerPoint Presentation

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Lesson 15.2: The Crisis Deepens - PPT Presentation

Essential Question What impact did the Fugitive Slave Act have on the slavery debate Focus Questions What could happen to people accused of being fugitives under the Fugitive Slave Act Why did Northerners resent the Fugitive Slave Act ID: 708818

act slavery slave kansas slavery act kansas slave fugitive bleeding nebraska 1850 compromise proslavery law territory uncle runaway slaves

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Slide1

Lesson 15.2:

The Crisis DeepensSlide2

Essential

Question

What impact did the Fugitive Slave Act have on the slavery debate?Slide3

Focus Questions

What could happen to people accused of being fugitives under the Fugitive Slave Act?

Why did Northerners resent the Fugitive Slave Act?

Why was the Kansas-Nebraska Act so controversial?Slide4

Focus Questions

How did the official Kansas legislature become packed with proslavery representatives

?

What was the cause of “Bleeding Kansas”?

Why did Preston Brooks attack Senator Sumner of Massachusetts and hit him 30 times with his cane? Slide5

Vocabulary

Harriet Beecher Stowe - Abolitionist and author who opposed the Fugitive Slave Act

Uncle Tom’s Cabin – novel which portrayed the brutality of slavery.

Fugitive Slave Act – 1850 law which helped slaveholders recapture runaway slaves. Slide6

Vocabulary

4. Popular Sovereignty – a system in which the residents vote to decide an issue.

5. Kansas-Nebraska Act – 1854 law that established territories and gave their residents the right to decide whether to allow slavery.

6. John Brown – Extreme abolitionist responsible for the murder of 5 proslavery people.Slide7

1815

1825

1835

1840

1850

1820 Missouri Compromise drawing the line at 36

0

30’

1850 Compromise of 1850 admitted California and set up new fugitive slave laws.

1846 Wilmot Proviso wanted to ban slavery in territory won from Mexico.

1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ending the War giving America the Mexican Cession

1848 Gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill in California

1846 Beginning of the Mexican American WarSlide8

Disagreements over slavery led to increased tensions between the North and the South.

What We Already Know…Slide9

California’s request for statehood led to Henry Clay’s Compromise of 1850.

What We Already Know…Slide10

The Compromise of 1850 contained a controversial new fugitive slave law.

What We Already Know…Slide11

Fugitive Slave Act:

1. People accused of being

fugitives could be held without an arrest warrant.

2. Instead of a jury trial, a

federal commissioner ruled on each case

.

3.

The commissioner received five dollars for releasing the defendant and ten dollars for turning the defendant over to a slaveholder

.Slide12

The law forced Northerners to help recapture runaway slaves.

The law also penalized officials. If they did not arrest an alleged runaway slave, they were forced to pay a fine of $1,000 ($28,000 in today’s money.)

Fugitive Slave Act:

 

Any person aiding a runaway slave

by providing food or

shelter

was subject to

six months

imprisonment

and a $1,000 fine.

By obeying the Act they were forced to support slavery.Slide13

Fugitive Slave Act:

Southerners believed slaves were property and should be returned.

Northerners realized that, by supporting the Fugitive Slave Act, they were supporting slavery.

Should they obey the law and support slavery, or should they break the law and oppose slavery?Slide14

Fugitive Slave Act:

During this time Southern slave catchers

roamed the North, sometimes capturing free African- Americans instead of runaway slaves.Slide15

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Harriet Beecher Stowe

, along with her brother were active abolitionists who helped runaway slaves and actively campaigned against slavery.

Outraged by the Fugitive Slave Act she

wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” in 1852 which dramatically portrayed slavery as brutal and immoral. Slide16

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

The novel includes dramatic scenes, such as the dangerous escape of a slave named Eliza and her baby

across the frozen Ohio River.

The book was criticized by Southerner’s as being inaccurate . Slide17

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Uncle Tom's Cabin was the best-selling novel of the 19th century and helped fuel the abolitionist cause in the 1850s.

Legend has it that when

President Lincoln met

Stowe he said, “So this is the

little lady who started the great war.”Slide18

Kansas - Nebraska Act

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening new lands for settlement.

The act was designed by Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois. The idea was to open up many thousands of

new farms and make

possible a Midwestern

Transcontinental Railroad.Slide19

Kansas - Nebraska Act

Hoping to ease tension over the slavery issue, Douglas included popular sovereignty - each state would vote to decide for itself if it would be a free state or a slave state.Slide20

Territorial

Legislation

Kansas - Nebraska Act

Compromise of 1850

Missouri Compromise of 1820

Free

Slave

Territory open to slavery

Territory closed to slavery

Not property of USSlide21

Kansas - Nebraska Act

The Act only created more tension because it would potentially allow slavery north of the 360

30 parallel undoing the Missouri Compromise of 1820

and the Compromise of 1850!

Obviously, Southerners supported the bill, but it angered opponents of slavery

.

This turned Kansas into a battleground over slaverySlide22

Bleeding Kansas

Most Americans accepted that Nebraska was expected to become a free state. Settlers from both sides of the slavery issue flooded the

Kansas territory to

acquire lands

and vote on the

issue of slavery.Slide23

Bleeding Kansas

At the time of the

election in March 1855, there were more proslavery settlers than antislavery settlers in the territory

.

But the proslavery forces did not want to risk losing the election.

Five thousand Missourians came and voted in the election illegally. Slide24

As a result of the election, the official Kansas legislature was packed with proslavery representatives. Antislavery settlers boycotted the official government and formed a government of their own.

Bleeding KansasSlide25

With political authority in dispute, settlers on both sides armed themselves.

Bleeding Kansas

In May, a group of

proslavery supporters

attacked and sacked

the headquarters of the anti-slavery anti-anti-slavery governor

in Lawrence Kansas

.

This incident became known as the Sack of Lawrence.Slide26

Bleeding Kansas

Seeking revenge for the sack of Lawrence, an extreme abolitionist named John Brown and seven other antislavery men attacked proslavery residents and murdered five of their proslavery neighbors

as they slept at a cabin near Pottawatomie Creek.Slide27

Bleeding Kansas

As news of John Brown’s attack (known as the Pottawatomie Massacre) spread, civil war broke out in Kansas…

… a war that lasted three years giving the territory the name, “Bleeding Kansas.” Slide28

In late May, 1856,

Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts gave a rousing anti slavery speech before the Senate.

Violence in Congress

In very

insulting terms

, he

attacked

the pro-slavery forces in Kansas, the institution of slavery in general, and pro-slavery

Senator Andrew Butler

of South Carolina in particularSlide29

Nearby, in the House of Representatives, South Carolina Congressman Preston Brooks got wind of Sumner’s speech.

Violence in Congress

Senator Butler was related to Congressman Brooks,

who angrily decided he must defend the honor of his family and of the South.Slide30

Violence in Congress

Congressman Brooks went to the Senate chamber looking for Sumner. He found Sumner working at his desk and viciously beat Sumner unconscious with a cane.

Many Southerners

cheered Brooks’

defense of the

South, but most

Northerners were

shocked at such

violence in the Senate.Slide31

Violence in Congress

“Bleeding Kansas” and “Bleeding Sumner” became rallying cries for antislavery Northerners, as well as for a new political party that was

beginning to

emerge.