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Phonetics = sounds of language Phonetics = sounds of language

Phonetics = sounds of language - PowerPoint Presentation

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Phonetics = sounds of language - PPT Presentation

speech sounds made when air passes from lungs through vocal tract which shapes into different sounds based on varying the shape and size of tract through which air passes No language takes advantage of every sound possible Eg ID: 601411

sound sounds language letters sounds sound letters language air phonetics english tongue tract spelling vocal vowels stop produced consonants

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Slide1

Phonetics = sounds of language

speech sounds made when air passes from lungs through vocal tract, which shapes into different sounds based on varying the shape and size of tract through which air passes. No language takes advantage of every sound possible. E.g

.

J

apanese and

T

hai have no V soundSlide2

Three Branches

1) articulatory phonetics:  central to discipline of linguistics refers to human vocal apparatus and describes sounds in terms of their articulation in the vocal tract.

2) acoustic phonetics:  uses physics to study sound waves produced in human language (used in voice automated response systems,

etc

)

3) auditory phonetics :  studies perception of sounds by brainSlide3

Sounds vs. Spellings: words may have the same number of sounds as letters (e.g. banana, adult, set) or there may be "lack of correspondence" (

eg

cough = 3, freight = 4, through=4)Slide4

Because sound system of language (phonetics) is different than the representation (letters of alphabet) in writing system…

t

here is a distant relationship between sounds and lettersSlide5

Five Reasons for Discrepancies between sound and letters

English spelling has diverse origins dating back to the Normans with French customs

2) language uses same spelling system despite changes to pronunciation (

eg

the "k" in knife was once pronounced)

3) English is spoken differently throughout the world yet spelling system remains the same

4) letters alter their pronunciation based on adjacent letters (second “c” in electric

vs

, electricity or the “

i

” in senile

vs

senility)

5) spoken forms differ b/w formal and informal circumstances  (

gonna

,

wanna

, gotcha)Slide6

Homonyms or Homophones

words pronounced alike (and maybe spelling) but with different meanings

bear/bare, to/two/too

band

- a ring, something that binds;

band

- a group

http://

www.dailywritingtips.com

/homonyms-homophones-homographs-and-heteronyms/

simplifications are rare and slow changing like thru,

nite

,

foto

, etc.Slide7

Where Sounds Take Place

Labio

-dental or alveolar (

al-vee-uh-

ler

)

ridge

right

behind

upper

front

teeth

=

1 of 3 major places for English stop consonants (e.g. “t” and “d” as in time and dog

V

elar

=

tongue touching at back of roof of mouth ([k] as in "kin" )

B

ilabial

= Lips (

stops [p] and [b])

“stopped” sounds = no continuous stream of air like s or z (sink, zinc), which are fricatives. Slide8

CONSONANTS, VOWELS, AND DIPTHONGS

Consonants = sounds produced by partially or completely blocking air in its passage from lungs thru vocal tract.

 Affricates -- stop-fricatives (

ch

in and

g

in and ba

tch

and ba

dge

). Stop and then air released.

 Approximants -- 4 sounds [y] [r] [l] and [w]. Come close to being fricative but not enough continuous stream (s or z) to produce audible friction. (rid, lid, you

, wise)

.

Nasals - sound through nose [n] [m] and [

ng

sound in singer and sing]Slide9

Vowels = produced by shape of mouth and positions of the tongue unobstructed by narrow passages. Orthography we have 5 vowels but in speech more than that (13 distinct sounds) Characterized by position of tongue on the lips. High, low, front, back and roundness of lips (pool versus pill; feed versus food).Slide10

Diphthongs = 3 in English -- vowel sound moves tongue from one place in mouth to another. [ay] as in bite; [aw] as in pout; [

oy

] as in soy.