The Other Paris Treaties - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

The Other Paris TreatiesSlide2

Treaty of St. Germain 1919

- Signed with Austria

- Recognized Czechoslovakia (3 million

Germans

)

- Creation of Yugoslavia

- Poland gained Galicia

- Italy received South Tyrol, Trentino, and Istria

- Romania obtained Transylvania

- Forbidden

alliances / Anschluss

- Reparations, arms limitationsSlide3

Treaty of Trianon 1920

- Signed with Hungary in 1920 due to communist state leadership in

1919 (overthrown and replaced)

- Czech

received

Ruthenia and Slovakia

- Croatia and Slovenia joined Yugoslavia

- Romania received Transylvania

- Reparations and arms limitations

Romania

became a buffer

state

Hungary loses almost half of its territorySlide4

Treaty of Neuilly 1919

- Signed with Bulgaria, Joined WWI

1915 in support of Central Powers

- Loss of access to the Aegean

Sea(benefited

Greece)

- Macedonia was returned to Greece

Bulgaria

recognized

Yugoslavia

GRANTED land (part of western Turkey p. 59 text)

Reparations

and arms

limitations

Discussion: why do you think they were treated so leniently? Slide5

Treaty of Neuilly 1919

Europe 1914Slide6

Treaty of Neuilly 1919

- How significant were Austrian territorial losses?

- Identify the emerging countries out of A/H.

- Identify the territory lost by Bulgaria and gained by Greece. Slide7

Treaty of Sevres

1920

-

Due to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire

Signed

with Turkey to establish borders with

S-D

in mind and prevent

confrontations

Lost territory in N Africa, Middle East, parts of Turkey

- Difficult to implement

- Greco-Turkish War broke out

Resulted

in abdication of King

Constantine

,

abolition

of the Sultanate, emergence of

Ataturk

- Resulted in revision in 1923Slide8

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

A Turkish nationalist

Brought an uprising against the government who signed the Treaty

1922: marches on Constantinople (Istanbul), wants a new government and new treaty

Britain and France (and League of Nations) did nothing to uphold the old treaty as they didn’t want to get pulled into another war

Ataturk becomes the first president of TurkeySlide9

Treaty of

Lausanne

1923

Treaty

of Sevres was too

harsh

Lausanne

1923 returned:

-East Thrace to Turkey

-Sovereignty to the

Bosphorus

straights

- Withdrawal of foreign troops

Reparations

and

de-

militarizations

were

removed

*** The rest of the world now saw the interest of the major powers in UPHOLDING the treaties***Slide10

Treaties and the Middle East

Review: what was the Sykes-Picot Agreement? The Balfour Declaration?

Video

https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiwdiCo7990Slide11

Discussion

In what ways was the successful Turkish challenge to the Treaty of Sevres a threat to international order?Slide12

Back to Versailles

ACRONYM:

BRAT

1

.   Germany had to accept the 

B

lame

 for starting the war (Clause 231).  This was vital because it provided the justification for...

2.   Germany had to pay £6,600 million (called 

R

eparations

) for the damage done during the war.

3.   Germany was forbidden to have submarines or an air force.   She could have a navy of only six battleships, and an 

A

rmy

 of just 100,000 men.   In addition, Germany was not allowed to place any troops in the Rhineland, the strip of land, 50 miles wide, next to France.

4.   Germany lost 

T

erritory

 (land) in Europe (

see map, below

). Germany’s colonies were given to Britain and France.Slide13

Treaty of Versailles

Main areas of discussion at Paris:

-

Blame

- Reparations

-

Army

- Territory

- Also…

League of NationsSlide14

Treaty of Versailles

Blame

- Directly connected to reparations

- Few denied German responsibility

- The Commission on the Responsibility of the Authors of War and on Enforcement of Penalties decided. (Britain, France, Italy, Japan, Belgium, Greece, Poland, Romania, and Serbia) Slide15

Treaty of Versailles

BlameSlide16

Treaty of Versailles

ReparationsSlide17

Treaty of Versailles

Reparations

- 3 important questions:

1. What type of damage and cost would compose reparations?

2. What final figure would Gemany have to pay?

3. In what ways would Germany Pay? Slide18

Treaty of Versailles

Reparations

- Article 232: Allied compensation for Allied civilians

- Compensation for the violation of the Treaty of London (

1839; recognizing the independence and neutrality of Belgium)

- Each nation looked at reparations differently Slide19

Treaty of Versailles

Reparations

Q: With

reference

to their origins and purpose, assess the value and limitations of Source B and C for historians studying the discussions on

reparations

held at Versailles. Slide20

Treaty of Versailles

Reparations

- A definite figure of Reparations was not presented to Germany until 1921, 6.6 billion Pounds

- When the TOV was signed by Germany in June 1919, it essentially signed a 'Blank

Cheque

' Slide21

Treaty of Versailles

In what ways was Germany to pay?

- Gold reserves, goods, coal, cattle, fishing boats,

etcSlide22

Treaty of Versailles

In what ways was Germany to pay?

What is the message conveyed in Source D?Slide23

Treaty of Versailles

In what ways was Germany to pay?

What is the message

conveyed

in Source E? In what ways does Source D differ from Source E? Why do you think this is the case? Slide24

Treaty of Versailles

The Redestribution of territories in Europe

- Self-determination was desirable but not always possible

- Limited by economics and issues of what defined nationalities, among other factorsSlide25

Treaty of Versailles

The Redestribution of territories in Europe

Europe 1914Slide26

Treaty of Versailles

The Redestribution of territories in Europe

How significant are these territorial changes for Germany? Slide27

Treaty of Versailles

Army

- Germany was to disarm to the lowest levels comparable with internal security

- Weapons were destroyed

- Forbidden to have

submaries

, an air force,

armoured

cars or tanks and an army of 100 000 men

- Allied troops occupied the Rhine

- Conscription was bannedSlide28

Treaty of Versailles

Disarmament

What is the message conveyed in Source F? Slide29

TOV Review

- Animated Map

Interactive Map

http://web.colby.edu/rmscheck/contents/GermanyC1

/

Discussion paragraph for next class: to what extent, according to the article above, was Germany responsible for World War One? What impact did this have on the Treaty of Versailles? Slide30

Treaty of Versailles

German Reaction

- Germans denounced the treaty as, "Diktat" a betrayal of WW's 14 points

- Main objections:

1. Blank

Cheque

2. Article 231

3. Eastern Territorial losses

4. Disarmament

5. Exclusion from the League of NationsSlide31

Treaty of Versailles

German Reaction

- 'November Criminals'

- President Ebert signed the "Scrap of paper," TOV

- The Allies had won the war but lost the peace. Slide32

Treaty of Versailles

German Reaction

How different were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles to Wilson's Fourteen Points and how significant, if at all, was the difference? Slide33

Treaty of Versailles

German Reaction

What is the message conveyed by Source G?