Ms McLane Ms Afshar Ms Scott Do Now List 3 effects of the American Civil War Think of social political and economic effects Write down your responses in your notebooks 5 minutes Guiding Question of the Unit ID: 382546
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Slide1
The Reconstructed Nation
Ms. McLane
Ms.
Afshar
Ms. ScottSlide2
Do Now
List
3
effects of the American Civil War
Think of social, political, and economic effects
Write down your responses in your notebooks
5 minutesSlide3
Guiding Question of the Unit:
After the Civil War, African Americans formally gained “freedom” with the passage of the 13
th
amendment.
But…
Did African Americans really gain their freedom in the Reconstruction era?Slide4
Reconstruction
What is Reconstruction?
Efforts to rebuild the Southern States and restore the Union.
1865-1877
Rebuilding of economy and government
New considerations for African Americans in SocietySlide5
Reconstruction Roleplay
!
5 roles
You and your table will all work through the same role together and determine how you’d solve post-war issues
You will join members of other groups and form conferences to discuss how to handle these issues and come to a compromise Slide6
Uhh… Why?
These issues transcend 1800s America!
Understand the issues that societies face after devastating conflict
Understand how difficult it can be to compromise
(Pass your exams)Slide7
Timeline of Activity
Home-group work: 15 minutes
Conference work: 25 minutes
Cold-call share out: 10 minutes
Conference Compromise: 10 minutesSlide8
Exit Ticket
In your Conference group, come to a compromise that satisfies all (or most…) members on the colored sheet of paper at your table.
If you simply cannot compromise, explain on your paper WHY (try, though!)Slide9
Reconstruction Day 2: Plans, People, and Politics
Ms. McLane
Ms.
Afshar
Ms. ScottSlide10
Do Now
What does freedom mean?
Write in your notebook
5 minute journal
This means you may not stop writing!! If you have to write the same word over and over again that’s fine, but DO NOT STOP.Slide11
Plans for ReconstructionSlide12
Lincoln’s Plan
Lincoln began planning long before the end o the war.
Plan based on ideas that Southern states never really left UnionSlide13
Elements of Lincoln’s Plan
Pardons to Southerners who swore oaths of loyalty to the United States
Recognition of new Southern state governments when 10 percent of voters took loyalty oaths and when states adopted constitutions abolishing slavery
Concern that healing the nation’s wounds quickly was essential
Open to suggestions but he was assassinated
Slide14
Johnson’s Plan
VP Andrew Johnson became president after Lincoln’s death.
Intended to follow broad outline of Lincoln’s plan.
Recognized 4 Southern state governments and prepared to readmit others.
These states would participate fully in congressSlide15
But…
Radical Republicans had control of congress and wanted harsher terms for reconstruction.
Attempted to impeach Johnson
One vote short of 2/3 vote!!!
Couldn’t remove Johnson from office, but his political power was goneSlide16
Radical Reconstruction
Division of South into 5 military districts controlled by US Army while new state constitutions and governments were being set up
Requirement of new state gov’ts to allow African American males to vote
Requirement to ratify the 14
th
AmendmentSlide17
State Governments during Reconstruction (former Confederates)
White southerners with pre-war power tried to reassert control.
Concerned with limiting the freedom and movement of former slaves.
Confederate leaders barred from holding office and voting.
Resented Radical Reconstruction
Resented role of African Americans in governmentSlide18
Vocab:
Scalawags:
The name southerners gave to the white southerners who were active in new governments
Carpetbaggers:
The name southerners gave to Republican Northerners who came to the South to take part in Reconstruction Slide19
State Governments during Reconstruction (African Americans)
Support for the new Republican state governments
Right to vote!
In many cases, African Americans won election to office.Slide20
New Constitutional Amendments
Thirteenth Amendment (1865)
Fourteenth Amendment (1868)
Fifteenth Amendment (1870)Slide21
Thirteenth Amendment
Abolished slavery in the United StatesSlide22
Fourteenth Amendment
1. Declared that all native-born or naturalized people, including African Americans, were citizens
2. Forbade states to make laws that deprive people of “life, liberty or property”
3. Limited rights of former Confederate officers and gov’t. officials
4. Promised to pay Civil War debts owed by the federal governmentsSlide23
Fifteenth Amendment
Declared that states could not keep citizens from voting because of “race, color, or previous conditions of servitude” (slavery).Slide24
One More Guy We Should Know About…
President Grant
1868
Stronger military leader than politician…
Scandalous and corrupt administration Slide25
HOLY COW THAT WAS SO MUCH
Let’s analyze some documents and do some activities to let it all soak in.
SAC lesson Friday. Be prepared to be on task and do some reading, talking and debating!
THIS WILL COUNT AS AN ASSESSMENT (
20 points)Slide26
How should we Analyze Primary Sources?Slide27
Small group discussion
Group definition of “Freedom”
Talk to one another: Are all people really “free?”
Roles:
Scribe (write down what your classmates say)
Leader (keep discussion on track)
Illustrator (create a visual with your group’s thoughts)
Presenter (present information of group)Slide28
The End of Reconstruction
Ms. McLane
Ms.
Afshar
Ms. ScottSlide29
Do Now
Do you believe equality exists in our present day?
Take 3 minutes to jot down notes
Talk to your partner for 2 minutesSlide30
The Election of 1876
Samuel Tilden (D) vs.
Rutherford B. Hayes (R)
Special commission to count votes because of closeness of election
All contested votes were given to Hayes (because of the Republican majority in Congress) so he
wonSlide31
Compromise of 1877
Democrats agreed to go along with the decision in return for promises by Hayes to:
Withdraw remaining troops from the South, ended “Reconstruction” period
Name a Southerner to his cabinet
Support federal spending on internal improvements in the SouthSlide32
White Control in the SouthSlide33
Black Codes
Passed by most southern states after the Civil War
Aimed to keep African Americans in conditions close to slavery
Reconstruction governments overturned these codesSlide34
Secret Societies
Groups formed to frighten African Americans and their supporters out of taking part in government
KKK
Lawless and brutal
Some still around todaySlide35
Poll Taxes
Southern states imposed a tax on every voter.
Those who were too poor to pay poll taxes could not vote.
Who do you imagine was too poor to pay?Slide36
Literacy Tests
Some states required citizens to prove that they could read/write before voting
Often involved interpreting a difficult part of the Constitution
Few African Americans could pass because of limited schooling
Freedmen’s Bureau
(created to help former slaves) tried to help but only lasted a few yearsSlide37
Grandfather Clauses
Poll taxes and literacy tests might have also kept poor and uneducated whites from voting
Grandfather clauses added to constitutions
Allowed son or grandson of a man eligible to vote in 1866 or 1867 to vote himself even if he didn’t meet the other criteria
Who would this benefit?Slide38
Jim Crow Laws
Southern states passed laws establishing social as well as legal
segregation.
Segregation:
The separation of people on the basis of race.Slide39
Jim Crow Laws (ctd
.)
Became firmly established in Southern states after Reconstruction
Required the separation of African Americans and whites in schools, parks, public buildings, and public transportation
Declared legal by Supreme Court in
Plessy
v. Ferguson
(1896)
Battled against by the
NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)Slide40
Activity Packet
3 today
3 tomorrow
All 10 for EXTRA CREDIT!
When you finish an activity I will come along and initial your sheet
DO NOT DO MULTIPLE CHOICE UNTIL TOMORROWSlide41
Responses to Reconstruction
Ms. McLane
Ms.
Afshar
Ms. ScottSlide42
Supreme Court Response
Supreme Court did not interfere with efforts to restore white control in the South.
Ruling in the
Plessy
case set precedent that justified segregation in all public facilities until the 1950s (!!)
Brown v. Board of Education
(1954) overturned
Plessy
Someone explain: How did these two cases influence laws concerning segregation?Slide43
Civil Rights Cases (1883)
Court ruled that 13
th
Amendment abolished slavery but did
not
prohibit discrimination
14
th
Amendment prohibited discrimination by government but
not
by individualsSlide44
African Americans Debate T
heir Future
NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
Two Prominent leaders offered contrasting strategies to improve the lives of African AmericansSlide45
Booker T. Washington
Argued that African Americans should temporarily put aside their desire for political equality and focus on building economic security by gaining useful vocational skills.Slide46
W.E.B. Du Bois
Called for the brightest African Americans to gain an advanced liberal arts education (rather than vocational) and then demand social and political equality.Slide47
However…
Widespread discrimination against African Americans made either strategy difficult to follow.Slide48
Questions to Discuss
What has changed between the Reconstruction era and our present day?
What does it mean to be “racist?”
Why is racism a long-instilled “institution?”