24I which accounted DSMII in In 1987 when DSMIV 1994 omitted the list of In One 26I We identified four con we had access to archived upheld the three Yet all young children are active 28I ID: 936909
Download Pdf The PPT/PDF document "Attention Deficit HyperactivityDisorder ..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
24I Attention Deficit HyperactivityDisorder in Very Young Children:Early Signs and InterventionsN THE PAST decade many young children wereaccording to over 18.9 million children under the age of 5 years in Applying the 3% to 5% range to this number, this which accounted (DSM-II) in In 1987, when DSM-IV (1994) omitted the list of In- One 26I We identified four con- we had access to archived upheld the three Yet, all young children are active, 28I It is estimated that between 70% and 90% have reported that
We now have a better understand- Since Refer when behavior . . .Wait and watch when behavior . . .has been observed for at least 6 monthsis recent and inconsistentis a problem in several settingsappears at a single place or timeoccurs during independent and group activitiesoccurs primarily during group times whencannot be explained by other circumstances orcould be the result of recent life eventsinterferes with learningindicates child is acquiring skillsaffects peer relationships and social developmentdemo
nstrates appropriate friendships and interactionsis inappropriate despite clear, consistent age-varies in the presence of different adults in theappropriate expectationschilds controlappears purposeful or attention-getting This (Trade names) EffectsMethylphenidate (Ritalin)A mild stimulant of the central nervous system (CNS) that increasesAmphetamines/dextroamphetamineIncreases ability to attend to specific activities and reduces hyperac-(Dexedrine)tivity; not recommended for children ages 3 to 6 years. It
is availablePemoline (Cylert)CNS stimulant that increases attention to tasks, social skills, andd-Amphetamine (Adderall)A recent, well-controlled investigation 30I sense of well-being. In Coping with ADHD: Strategies for home Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder31calmer, more attentive atmosphere. Timely imple-mentation of principles of behavior management,such as time-out to regain thoughts and compo-sure, is sometimes helpful. These kinds of environ-ments and interactions will help foster the develop
-ment of a more positive self-concept in the child.Table 4 includes a more complete list of suggestedstrategies.In summary, it is critical to pay more attention topreschoolers in order to identify those externaliz-ing behaviors, distinguishing features, and interac-tions that are reliable predictors for a future ADHDdiagnosis. The needs are present when children arevery young, but professionals have been reluctantto refer at young ages. By delaying this process,problems exacerbate and undesirable behaviorsb
ecome learned. The earlier the recognition of aproblem, the sooner appropriate interventions,treatments, and counseling can begin to counterthe negative effects of family stress, lowered self-esteem, and ensuing learning and social difficulties.Regardless of a clear diagnosis, professionals canprovide support to the families as they address thebehaviors that are causing concerns. It is quitepossible that some environmental changes can bemade that can impact and redirect behavior in moreproductive ways. Cont
inued research certainlyneeds to be conducted to further understanding ofthis handicapping disorder. Hopefully, more sup-port for such research will be forthcoming, andmore collaboration between academicians, themedical profession, and professionals in the field ofearly childhood development will result. 1.National Institutes of Health. Diagnosis and treat-2.Aleman SR. Washington,3.US Census Bureau. No. 13. Resident population by4.Cantwell DP. Attention deficit disorder: a review of5.Report pointed to drug
s used on state-care kids. 6.Pear R. Proposal to curb the use of drugs to calm the March 20, 2000, 1, A16.7.Smith I. Ritalin for toddlers. 8.Zito J. Trends in the prescribing of psychotropic9.Wodrich DL. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disor-10.American Psychological Association. 2nd ed.11.American Psychiatric Association. 3rd ed. Wash-12.American Psychiatric Association. 13.American Psychiatric Association. 14.Lahey BB, Pelham WE, Stein MA, et al. Validity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder for1
5.Barkley RA. 16.Gilliam JA. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder17.Deutscher B, Fewell RR. 18.The Infant Health and Development Program. The 32I19.Deutscher B, Fewell RR. The development and use of20.Blackman JA. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disor-21.Goldman LS, Genel M, Bezman RJ, Slanetz PJ. Diag-22.Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, et al. Therapeutic23.Barkley RA. 24.Pelham WE, Aronoff HR, Midlam MA, et al. A25.The MTA Cooperative Group. A 14-month random-26.Edmund JSS-B, Daley D, Thompson M, Laver-