And Monte Carlo Methods Allissa Cembrook Financial Basics Investors purchase shares in the hopes that the company does well and will pay dividends to its shareholders Financial derivatives are contracts between a writer seller and a holder buyer ID: 136502
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Slide1
Basket OptionsAnd Monte Carlo Methods
Allissa CembrookSlide2
Financial BasicsInvestors purchase shares in the hopes that the company does well and will pay dividends to its shareholders.
Financial derivatives are contracts between a writer (seller) and a holder (buyer).
Derivatives are based on some underlying equity.Slide3
Financial Derivatives
Financial derivatives are contracts that are based on the expected future price of an asset (i.e. currencies, commodities, securities).
They are considered to be extremely profitable but also can be extremely risky.
Used for hedging, arbitrage, speculation
Examples: forwards, options, swaps, futuresSlide4
Role of Derivatives in the Financial Crisis of 2008
Mortgage-backed securities
Long Term Capital Management
Credit Default Swaps
Collateralized Debt Obligations
Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers, Merrill LynchSlide5
Definition of a Basket OptionA basket option is a type of financial derivative whose underlying asset is a “basket” of commodities,
securites
, and currencies.
Basket options are usually cash settled.
Also called a Multifactor Option, whose payoff depends on the performance of two or more underliers.Slide6
Basket Options
A basket option is a form of a financial derivative. This option is based on two or more underlying assets. The payoff of this option is a function of a weighted average of these underlying assets.
Some examples of basket options include Options on a Portfolio and Index options.Slide7
Why?Basket options are typically used by large corporations to hedge their risk in the foreign exchange markets.
By using a basket option, the corporation can hedge their risk on multiple currencies at once instead of purchasing options on each individual currency.Slide8
Correlation between Underliers
From the perspective of this project, I will be investigating the changes in the price of an option when the correlation between the assets in the basket is constant and when it is variable.
Basket options are typically a weighted average of the underlying equities. First, I will look at the pricing of basket options when the correlation factor, rho, is constant.Slide9
Initial Steps in RSet up parameters for the option
Starting Stock Price
Riskless Interest Rate
Drift (sigma)
Time to expiry
Set up empty matrices for two stocksDefine number of random walks neededSet up an empty payoff vectorSlide10
Initial Steps in R (cont’d)
Create random variables Z1 and Z2 such that the following is true:
Z1=sigma1*N(0,sqrt(dt
))
Z2=rho*Z1+(1-rho^2)*sigma2*N(0,sqrt(dt
))Create loops that generate the random walksEvaluate the payoffThe difference between the average of the final stock price and the strike or nothing if the difference is negative.Slide11
Next Steps for the Project
Correlation factor that is variable
How does this variation affect the price of the option?
Investigate the implications of adding a third asset to the basket.
How does the code in R change?
How does the pricing change?Apply a basket option to a set of actual underliers (i.e. Google, Apple, etc.).