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Nomenclature Scientific Plant Classification Nomenclature Scientific Plant Classification

Nomenclature Scientific Plant Classification - PowerPoint Presentation

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Nomenclature Scientific Plant Classification - PPT Presentation

Early Classification Started by the Greek philosopher Theophrastus Classified all plants into annuals biennials and perennials according to life span Herbs shrubs and trees according to their growth habit ID: 697768

family species domestica red species family red domestica malus cultivar delicious crops genus examples golden rose genera orchid plants

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Slide1

NomenclatureScientific Plant Classification

Early Classification

Started by the Greek philosopher

Theophrastus

Classified all plants into annuals, biennials, and perennials, according to life span

Herbs, shrubs, and trees, according to their growth habit

Modern Taxonomy

Modern classification of plants is based on

Linnaeus

(Carl von Lenn

é

), a 18

th

century Swedish physician and “the father of taxonomy” who revolutionized the field of plant and animal classification

Use of binomial nomenclature

-

Genus

and

species

for scientific names

Use of trinomial nomenclature for horticultural crops

Genus

,

species

, and

cultivar

for cultivated cropsSlide2

Scientific NamesRed Delicious Apple

Classification

Red Delicious Apple

Kingdom

Plantae

Division Anthrophyta

Class Dicotyledonae

Order Rosales

Family Rosaceae

Genus

Malus

(or

Malus

)

Species

domestica (

or

domestica

)

Variety

(naturally occurring)

(cultivar) ‘Red Delicious’

Form --

Individual -- Slide3

Botanical Names for Horticultural Crops

Mostly deals with family, genus, species, and cultivar

Binomial for botanical names

Italicize or underline genus and species

Genus species

(or

Genus

species

)

Do not underline or italicize family and cultivar names

Rosaceae

(the rose family)

Malus domestica

cv. Golden Delicious

Variety names may be underlined or italicized

Picea

glauca

var.

densata

Black Hills Spruce

Picea pungens

cv. Hoopsii

Hoops Blue SpruceSlide4

Blue Spruce

Natural botanical varieties are seed propagated

Cultivars are propagated asexually by cuttings or grafting

Picea pungens

var

. glauca

Picea pungens

cv.

HoopsiiSlide5

Red Delicious or Golden Delicious Apples

Malus

domestica

cv. Red Delicious

Malus

domestica

cv. Red Delicious

Malus

domestica

‘Red Delicious’

Malus

domestica ‘Red Delicious’

Malus domestica cv. Golden DeliciousMalus domestica cv. Golden DeliciousMalus domestica ‘Golden Delicious’Malus domestica ‘Golden Delicious’

Golden Delicious was

a sport

of Red DeliciousSlide6

Selected Terminology

Variety

– A group of variants within a species which have similar characteristics

Cultivar

– Cultivated variety, usually human-made

Cultigen – A cultivar that has naturalized in a native stand

Ecospecies

– A subdivision of species that are formed by ecological barrier (

i.e.,

Cercis canadendensis, Redbud

)Clone – A group of plants all of which arose from a single individual (ortet) through asexual (vegetative) propagation

Clonal Cultivar

– An asexually propagated clone (

i.e., Russet Burbank potato, Royalty rose, etc.)

Pure Lines

– Homozygous inbred lines grown from seed

AAbbcc, aabbcc, aaBBcc, aabbCCHybrid Cultivar – A cultivar developed by hybridizing (crossing) two or more genetically diverse parental lines Genetically heterozygous, phenotypically uniform (homogeneous) AaBbCc (A=dominat allele, a=recessive allele)Slide7

Ecospecies of Redbud

Formed by ecological isolation

Clines with continuous variation in leaf pubescence from east to west

RedbudSlide8

Some Horticulturally Important Families

Rosaceae Rose Family

Solanaceae Nightshade Family

Cucurbitaceae Gourd Family

Brassicaceae Mustard Family

Apiaceae Celery Family

Liliaceae Lily Family

Orchidaceae Orchid FamilySlide9

Rosaceae (Rose Family)

About 100 genera, 3000 species

Rose, raspberry, blackberry, strawberry, prunus (peach, cherry, apricot, almond, plum), apple, pear, quince

Examples

Rosa hybrida

cv. Royalty Royalty rose

Pyrus communis

cv. Bartlett Bartlett Pear

Malus domestica

cv. Fuji Fuji Apple

Fragaria ananasa StrawberrySlide10

Examples of Rosaceae Crops

Rose

Pear

Strawberry

Apple

ApricotSlide11

Solanaceae (Nightshade Family)

About 90 genera, 2200 species

Mostly native to South America

Genus

Solanum

is the largest with 1700 species

Many species contain

alkaloids, solanine, nicotine, atropine

ExamplesSolanum tuberosum

PotatoSolanum tuberosum ‘Russet Burbank’ Russet Burbank potato

Petunia hybrida

cv. Red Cascade Red Cascade petunia

Lycopersicon

esculentum

TomatoCapsicum frutescens ‘Red Bell’ Red Bell pepperSlide12

Some Solanaceae Crops

Bell pepper

Tomato

Potato

Eggplant

Yukon Gold PotatoSlide13

Cucurbitaceae (Gourd Family)

About 100 genera, 559 species

Native to both the old and new worlds

Mostly vines with tendrils

Examples

Citrullus vulgaris

Watermelon

Cucumis sativus

Cucumber

Cucurbita pepo

PumpkinCucurbita maxima SquashCucumis melo Muskmelon

Slide14

Some Cucurbitaceae Crops

Cucumber

Watermelon, seedless

Watermelon, seedless

Watermelon

Gourds

Pumpkin

MuskmelonSlide15

Some Cucurbit Displaysat IHC06-SeoulSlide16

Brassicaceae (Cruciferae

, Mustard Family

)

About 350 genera, 3200 species

Cole crops such as cabbage, broccoli, radish

Many are common garden crops

Typically 4-merous (cross-like flower petals)

Examples

Brassica oleracea

Cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, broccoli, cauliflower

Brassica napa Pak Choi, Napa cabbage, turnipBrassica juncea

Mustard

Raphanum sativa

Radish, Daikon radishSlide17

Some Brassicaceae VegetablesSlide18

ApiaceaeFormerly Umbeliferae, Celery or Parsnip Family

About 250 genera, 2500 species

Annual or biennial herb

Umbel shape inflorescence (compound umbels)

Examples

Daucus carota

Carrot

Apium graceolens

Celery

Coriandrum sativum

Coriander Petroselinum hortense ParsleySlide19

Some Apiaceae Crops

Coriander

Purple carrotSlide20

Liliaceae (Lily Family)Monocots

About 240 genera, 3000 species

Specialized foot storage organs such as rhizomes, bulbs, fleshy roots)

Include many ornamental plants

Examples

Asparagus officinalis

Asparagus

Lilium longiglorum

Easter lily

Aloe barbadensis

Aloe veraAllium cepa

Onion

Tulipa

spp.

Tulips

Slide21

Some Liliaceae Plants

Garlic

Trillium

Easter lily

Aloe vera

Onion

Tulip

Asparagus

3-merousSlide22

Garlic Festival

Held in

Gilroy, CA, - Garlic capitol of the world (122,000 visitors in 2004)

28th annual Gilroy garlic festival was held July 28-30, 2006 Slide23

Orchidaceae (Orchid Family)Monocots

About 800 genera, 30,000 species

Mostly native to tropical and subtropical regions

Epiphytic as well as terrestrial growth habits

Many species are used as ornamentals

Examples

Vanilla planifolia

Vanilla orchid

Cattleya

spp. Cattleya orchids

Dendrobium spp. Dendrobium orchids

Phalaenopsis

spp. Phalaenopsis orchids

Cymbidium

spp

.

Cymbidium orchidsCypripedium reginae Lady slipper orchidSlide24

Some Orchidaceae Plants

Vanilla orchid

Vanilla flower

Cattleya

Lady Slipper

Cattleya hybrid

PhalaenopsisSlide25

Orchid popularity is increasing worldwide