Early Classification Started by the Greek philosopher Theophrastus Classified all plants into annuals biennials and perennials according to life span Herbs shrubs and trees according to their growth habit ID: 697768
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Nomenclature Scientific Plant Classifica..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
NomenclatureScientific Plant Classification
Early Classification
Started by the Greek philosopher
Theophrastus
Classified all plants into annuals, biennials, and perennials, according to life span
Herbs, shrubs, and trees, according to their growth habit
Modern Taxonomy
Modern classification of plants is based on
Linnaeus
(Carl von Lenn
é
), a 18
th
century Swedish physician and “the father of taxonomy” who revolutionized the field of plant and animal classification
Use of binomial nomenclature
-
Genus
and
species
for scientific names
Use of trinomial nomenclature for horticultural crops
Genus
,
species
, and
cultivar
for cultivated cropsSlide2
Scientific NamesRed Delicious Apple
Classification
Red Delicious Apple
Kingdom
Plantae
Division Anthrophyta
Class Dicotyledonae
Order Rosales
Family Rosaceae
Genus
Malus
(or
Malus
)
Species
domestica (
or
domestica
)
Variety
(naturally occurring)
(cultivar) ‘Red Delicious’
Form --
Individual -- Slide3
Botanical Names for Horticultural Crops
Mostly deals with family, genus, species, and cultivar
Binomial for botanical names
Italicize or underline genus and species
Genus species
(or
Genus
species
)
Do not underline or italicize family and cultivar names
Rosaceae
(the rose family)
Malus domestica
cv. Golden Delicious
Variety names may be underlined or italicized
Picea
glauca
var.
densata
Black Hills Spruce
Picea pungens
cv. Hoopsii
Hoops Blue SpruceSlide4
Blue Spruce
Natural botanical varieties are seed propagated
Cultivars are propagated asexually by cuttings or grafting
Picea pungens
var
. glauca
Picea pungens
cv.
HoopsiiSlide5
Red Delicious or Golden Delicious Apples
Malus
domestica
cv. Red Delicious
Malus
domestica
cv. Red Delicious
Malus
domestica
‘Red Delicious’
Malus
domestica ‘Red Delicious’
Malus domestica cv. Golden DeliciousMalus domestica cv. Golden DeliciousMalus domestica ‘Golden Delicious’Malus domestica ‘Golden Delicious’
Golden Delicious was
a sport
of Red DeliciousSlide6
Selected Terminology
Variety
– A group of variants within a species which have similar characteristics
Cultivar
– Cultivated variety, usually human-made
Cultigen – A cultivar that has naturalized in a native stand
Ecospecies
– A subdivision of species that are formed by ecological barrier (
i.e.,
Cercis canadendensis, Redbud
)Clone – A group of plants all of which arose from a single individual (ortet) through asexual (vegetative) propagation
Clonal Cultivar
– An asexually propagated clone (
i.e., Russet Burbank potato, Royalty rose, etc.)
Pure Lines
– Homozygous inbred lines grown from seed
AAbbcc, aabbcc, aaBBcc, aabbCCHybrid Cultivar – A cultivar developed by hybridizing (crossing) two or more genetically diverse parental lines Genetically heterozygous, phenotypically uniform (homogeneous) AaBbCc (A=dominat allele, a=recessive allele)Slide7
Ecospecies of Redbud
Formed by ecological isolation
Clines with continuous variation in leaf pubescence from east to west
RedbudSlide8
Some Horticulturally Important Families
Rosaceae Rose Family
Solanaceae Nightshade Family
Cucurbitaceae Gourd Family
Brassicaceae Mustard Family
Apiaceae Celery Family
Liliaceae Lily Family
Orchidaceae Orchid FamilySlide9
Rosaceae (Rose Family)
About 100 genera, 3000 species
Rose, raspberry, blackberry, strawberry, prunus (peach, cherry, apricot, almond, plum), apple, pear, quince
Examples
Rosa hybrida
cv. Royalty Royalty rose
Pyrus communis
cv. Bartlett Bartlett Pear
Malus domestica
cv. Fuji Fuji Apple
Fragaria ananasa StrawberrySlide10
Examples of Rosaceae Crops
Rose
Pear
Strawberry
Apple
ApricotSlide11
Solanaceae (Nightshade Family)
About 90 genera, 2200 species
Mostly native to South America
Genus
Solanum
is the largest with 1700 species
Many species contain
alkaloids, solanine, nicotine, atropine
ExamplesSolanum tuberosum
PotatoSolanum tuberosum ‘Russet Burbank’ Russet Burbank potato
Petunia hybrida
cv. Red Cascade Red Cascade petunia
Lycopersicon
esculentum
TomatoCapsicum frutescens ‘Red Bell’ Red Bell pepperSlide12
Some Solanaceae Crops
Bell pepper
Tomato
Potato
Eggplant
Yukon Gold PotatoSlide13
Cucurbitaceae (Gourd Family)
About 100 genera, 559 species
Native to both the old and new worlds
Mostly vines with tendrils
Examples
Citrullus vulgaris
Watermelon
Cucumis sativus
Cucumber
Cucurbita pepo
PumpkinCucurbita maxima SquashCucumis melo Muskmelon
Slide14
Some Cucurbitaceae Crops
Cucumber
Watermelon, seedless
Watermelon, seedless
Watermelon
Gourds
Pumpkin
MuskmelonSlide15
Some Cucurbit Displaysat IHC06-SeoulSlide16
Brassicaceae (Cruciferae
, Mustard Family
)
About 350 genera, 3200 species
Cole crops such as cabbage, broccoli, radish
Many are common garden crops
Typically 4-merous (cross-like flower petals)
Examples
Brassica oleracea
Cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, broccoli, cauliflower
Brassica napa Pak Choi, Napa cabbage, turnipBrassica juncea
Mustard
Raphanum sativa
Radish, Daikon radishSlide17
Some Brassicaceae VegetablesSlide18
ApiaceaeFormerly Umbeliferae, Celery or Parsnip Family
About 250 genera, 2500 species
Annual or biennial herb
Umbel shape inflorescence (compound umbels)
Examples
Daucus carota
Carrot
Apium graceolens
Celery
Coriandrum sativum
Coriander Petroselinum hortense ParsleySlide19
Some Apiaceae Crops
Coriander
Purple carrotSlide20
Liliaceae (Lily Family)Monocots
About 240 genera, 3000 species
Specialized foot storage organs such as rhizomes, bulbs, fleshy roots)
Include many ornamental plants
Examples
Asparagus officinalis
Asparagus
Lilium longiglorum
Easter lily
Aloe barbadensis
Aloe veraAllium cepa
Onion
Tulipa
spp.
Tulips
Slide21
Some Liliaceae Plants
Garlic
Trillium
Easter lily
Aloe vera
Onion
Tulip
Asparagus
3-merousSlide22
Garlic Festival
Held in
Gilroy, CA, - Garlic capitol of the world (122,000 visitors in 2004)
28th annual Gilroy garlic festival was held July 28-30, 2006 Slide23
Orchidaceae (Orchid Family)Monocots
About 800 genera, 30,000 species
Mostly native to tropical and subtropical regions
Epiphytic as well as terrestrial growth habits
Many species are used as ornamentals
Examples
Vanilla planifolia
Vanilla orchid
Cattleya
spp. Cattleya orchids
Dendrobium spp. Dendrobium orchids
Phalaenopsis
spp. Phalaenopsis orchids
Cymbidium
spp
.
Cymbidium orchidsCypripedium reginae Lady slipper orchidSlide24
Some Orchidaceae Plants
Vanilla orchid
Vanilla flower
Cattleya
Lady Slipper
Cattleya hybrid
PhalaenopsisSlide25
Orchid popularity is increasing worldwide