Observe, Wonder, - PowerPoint Presentation

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Observe, Wonder,

InferAnswer set

Click on pictures for links to sites for further infoSlide2
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Improvised hand grenades

The double cylinder, No 8 and No 9 hand grenades, also known as the "jam tin", is a type of improvised explosive device used by the Australian Army in World War I

. The jam tin, or bully beef tin, was one of many grenades designed by ANZACS in the early part of the First World War in response to lack of equipment suited to

trench warfare

.

The grenade was an inner can of explosive with an outer can of metal fragments or ball bearings. The heavier pattern No 9 grenade contained more

high explosive

and more metal fragments.The fuse was ignited by a friction device or a cigarette.Initially when demand for grenades was at its greatest, engineers were encouraged to improvise their own grenades from the tins containing the soldier's ration of jam, hence the name. Incidents with the improvised form and the supply of superior grenades led to official withdrawal of the design.Jam tin grenades were used as booby traps by ANZACS, by rigging it to a pressure trigger and leaving it under a body or other heavy object to keep it unarmed until it was disturbed.Slide4
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Livens Projector

The Livens Projector was a simple mortar-like weapon that could throw large drums filled with

flammable

or

toxic

chemicals.

[6]

In the First World War, the Livens Projector became the British Army's standard means of delivering gas attacks Slide6
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Effects of Mustard Gas, not even the deadliest

Mustard Gas (Yperite

) was first used by the

German Army

in September 1917. It was one of the most lethal of all the poisonous chemicals used during the war. It was almost

odourless

and took twelve hours to take effect.

Yperite was so powerful that only small amounts had to be added to high explosive shells to be effective. Once in the soil, mustard gas remained active for several weeks. The skin of victims of mustard gas blistered, the eyes became very sore and they began to vomit. Mustard gas caused internal and external bleeding and attacked the bronchial tubes, stripping off the mucous membrane. This was extremely painful and most soldiers had to be strapped to their beds. It usually took a person four or five weeks to die of mustard gas poisoning. Prevailing winds favoured the Allies!

British Gas Casualties: 1914-18

Deaths

Non-Fatal

Chlorine

1,976

164,457

Mustard Gas

4,086

16,526Slide8
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Women in the war effort

Booming

war factories were in desperate need of skilled

tradesmen. One

result was that large numbers of women were brought into war factories, and "aliens"— immigrants who were often unacceptable for military service because of their nationality — took factory jobs. Another result of the

labour

scarcity was that wages rose, although not as much as the cost of living. Yet because conditions in the plants were often terrible,

labour unrest was widespread. Slide11
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Camels carrying wounded men to safety on the North West Frontier of India,

1917The Indian Army during World War I contributed a large number of divisions and independent brigades to the European, Mediterranean and the Middle East theatres of war. Over one million Indian troops served overseas, In

World War I the Indian Army fought against

the in German East Africa

and on

the Western Front. Indian

divisions were also sent to Egypt, Gallipoli and nearly 700,000 served in Mesopotamia against

the Ottoman Empire. While some divisions were sent overseas others had to remain in India guarding the North Western Frontier and on internal security and training duties.Animals were used for many purposes – Pigeons for messages, horses for calvary, canaries to detect gas, cats and dogs to hunt rats in trenches and even slugs to detect the early stages of gas attack.Slide13
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Loading a drum-type Mark VII depth charge onto the K-gun of the

Flower-class corvette HMS DianthusDepth charges were explosives that were detonated underwater in order to Battle U-Boats (Submarines). A very dangerous and difficult enemy to protect oneself from, the explosive has to be within 15

ft

to rupture a subs hull, total chance.

Some U-boats survived hundreds of depth charge attacks in a single day. Slide15
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FOKKER GUN for airplanes with propellors

Propellers in planes presented a real problem for planes to line up their enemy and shoot them down. Handguns and rifles were originally used, mostly unsuccessfully.A German named Fokker worked in his factory and created a synchronization device which allowed the machine gun to fire only when the propeller blades were not in line with the gun barrel; a machine gun attached to the system would then only fire in the spaces between the blades, never striking themSlide17
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Canadian Propaganda

Based on James Whistler’s famous painting of his mother, this poster urges men to enlist with the Irish Canadian Rangers and to fight for the women in their own lives. It appeals to notions of motherhood and family values that were popular at the time, and often attributed to this painting. Another one is shown with Lady Justice, in front of a sinking passenger liner, shot by a German U-boat and killing 1,200 innocent travelers.