Periphrasisexcessive use of words Anaphorarepetition of beginnings Epiphora repetition of endings Antanaclasis repetition of word from line to line but the meaning of the word changes ID: 553348
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Slide1
Our Advanced Rhetoric
Periphrasis—excessive use of words
Anaphora—repetition of beginnings
Epiphora
—repetition of endings
Antanaclasis
—repetition of word from line to line, but the meaning of the word changes
Chiasmus—repetition of phrase, but in reverse order
Polysyndeton
—many conjunctions between clauses, often slowing rhythm Slide2
DEFINITION
:
The excessive use of words to convey a meaning (which could have been conveyed in fewer words)EFFECT: Embellishes sentences, draws the readers attention, & gives prose a “poetic” flavor EXAMPLE: Instead of saying, "I lost my homework," you say, "As a matter of fact, the assignment in question is temporarily unavailable due to the secrecy of its location."
Periphrasis
(PUR – RIF- RUH – SIS)Slide3
Periphrasis
Pick a situation, and write a periphrasis-filled dialogue:
--you forgot your homework (teacher) --you forgot to clear your room (parent) --you forgot to pick up your friend (friend)Slide4
Anaphora—rep beginnings
beginning several lines with the same word or words. This creates a parallelism and a rhythm, which can
intensify the meaning of the piece.Your task: identify the meaning, evaluate the effect of anaphora Slide5
Anaphora—rep beginningsSlide6
Lil Wayne
“Man”
Challenges listener, but sets up as equalPersonalizes lyricsDisregards a connection to women, but that makes some men (the pathetic ones) feel strongerSlide7
Anaphora—rep beginningsSlide8
Anaphora—rep beginnings
“I have a dream”
It’s not going away; he’ll be here, dreaming, till it happensMost dreams aren’t memorable; he’s making sure this one is (irony caused by anaphora). Slide9
Anaphora—rep beginnings
Don’t
let them in, don’t let them seeBe the good girl you always had to beConceal, don’t feel, don’t let them knowWell now they knowSlide10
Anaphora—rep beginnings
Primacy bias Slide11
Epiphora
—rep of endings
(Epistrophe)Can be very dramatic (recency bias)Emphasizes a concept, idea or situationThe speaker’s words have rhythm and cadenceSlide12
Epiphora
—rep of endings
(Epistrophe)“Our struggle has reached a decisive moment. We call on our people to seize this moment, so that the process towards democracy is rapid and uninterrupted. … I have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination.”— Nelson Mandela, Cape Town, 11 February 1990Slide13
Epiphora
—rep of endings
(Epistrophe)“… generations of Americans have responded with a simple creed that sums up the spirit of a people: Yes we can. It was a creed written into the founding documents that declared the destiny of a nation: Yes we can. It was whispered by slaves and abolitionists as they blazed a trail toward freedom through the darkest of nights: Yes we can. It was sung by immigrants as they struck out from distant shores and pioneers who pushed westward against an unforgiving wilderness: Yes we can.“— Barrack Obama, New Hampshire primary, 8 January 2008Slide14
Epiphora
—rep of endings
(Epistrophe)“Fie, fie, thou shamest thy shape, thy love, thy wit,Which, like a userer, abound’st in all,And uses none in that true sense indeedWhich should bedeck thy shape, thy love, thy wit.”(Romeo and Juliet
by William Shakespeare)
Again, Shakespeare is at his best in using
epiphora
; “thy shape, thy love, thy wit” comes twice within four lines. It puts
much emphasis on three attributes of Romeo
. Friar Laurence is at his best when he speaks this dialogue. Slide15
Epiphora
—rep of endings
(Epistrophe)“I’m a Pepper, he’s a Pepper, she’s a Pepper, we’re a Pepper. Wouldn’t you like to be a Pepper, too? Dr. Pepper.”“a Pepper” has been repeated in all the phrases to emphasize the point for the consumers that they must get Dr. Pepper to join everyone else Slide16
Epiphora—rep of endingsSlide17
Epiphora
—rep of endings
(Epistrophe)Slide18
Welcome! Editorials and notes
Let’s keep taking notes on advanced rhetoric! Slide19
Antanaclasis
—rep from line to line with changed meaning
Antanaclasis is a rhetorical device in which a phrase or word is repeatedly used (from one line to the next). However, the meaning of a word changes in each case. Slide20
Antanaclasis
—rep from line to line with changed meaning
If we don’t hang together, we will hang separately. --Ben Franklin Hang means _____________________ Hang means _____________________Slide21
Antanaclasis
—rep from line to line with changed meaning
“If you aren’t fired with enthusiasm, you will be fired with enthusiasm.” --Vince LombardiSlide22
Antanaclasis
—rep from line to line with changed meaning
The woods are lovely, dark, and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.(Stopping By Woods on Snowy Evening by Robert Frost)The first use of a word, “sleep,” means nocturnal rest and in the last line it has the meaning of death. Slide23
Antanaclasis
—rep from line to line with changed meaningSlide24
Chiasmus—rep, with inverted order
two or more clauses are
balanced against each other by the reversal of their structures in order to produce an artistic effectSlide25
Chiasmus—rep, with inverted order
Ask not what
your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.--JFKSlide26
Chiasmus—rep, with inverted order
Let us never
negotiate out of fear.But let us never fear to negotiate.Mankind must put an end to war,or war will put an end to mankind.Slide27
Chiasmus—rep, with inverted order
Let us
preach what we practice —let us practice what we preach.We don’t mistrust each other because we’re armed; we’re armed because we mistrust each other.--Churchill Slide28
Chiasmus—rep, with inverted order
I
am stuck on Band-Aid,and Band-Aid‘s stuck on me.Slide29
More than 1 term!
Chiasmus and
AntanaclasisI am stuck on Band-Aid,and Band-Aid‘s stuck on me.Figurative (“stuck” means you like it a lot)Literally stuckSlide30
Chiasmus—rep, with inverted orderSlide31Slide32
Polysyndeton
—rep of conjunctions between clauses
“Marge and Susan and Anne and Daisy and Barry all planned to go for a picnic”, instead of “Marge, Susan, Anne, Daisy and Barry…” emphasizes each of the individuals and calls attention to every person one by one instead of assembling them as a groupSlide33
Polysyndeton
—rep of conjunctions between clauses (Gatsby example)
[A] bar with a real brass rail was set up, and stocked with gins and liquors and with cordials so long forgotten that most of his female guests were too young to know one from another.The result of the repeated ands here suggests the superabundance of alcoholic beverages (during a time of Prohibition) implies the power, influence and money Gatsby had, but it also suggests that the guests are probably going to be getting drunk at the partySlide34
Polysyndeton
—rep of conjunctions between clauses (Gatsby example)
[T]he orchestra has arrived, no thin five-piece affair, but a whole pitful of oboes and trombones and saxophones and violins and cornets and piccolos, and low and high drums.The music for Gatsby's party is a large number of musicians who will be providing significant music for this gathering.Slide35
Remember, with all rhetoric, these:
Use with moderation
Rethink relationshipsAllude to famous examplesSlide36
Advanced Editorial
Mark up your editorial for advanced rhetoric
Rewrite the thesis Rate it for persuasive power ___/10Slide37
Welcome to advanced rhetoric!
Take a reading.
Get ready to take some notes.Get excited. Slide38
“Other Men’s Flowers”
Advanced Rhetoric Intro
Read it. Record these:thesis, main pointsCool parts / questionable partsLet’s read it togetherWhen you have to read, go for 2 sentences to 1 paragraph. Then say something:Agree, disagree?Surprises?Confusing parts?Interesting parts?Connections?