PARAPHRASING AND SUMMARIZING There are 3 ways to input other peoples ideas in your own work Quoting Paraphrasing and S ummarizing The way that you use citation in your work depends on whether you are using ID: 577824
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Slide1
QUOTING,
PARAPHRASING AND SUMMARIZINGSlide2
There are 3 ways to input other people’s ideas in your own work:
Quoting
Paraphrasing andSummarizingSlide3
The way that you use citation in your work depends on whether you are using:
Quoting (Harvard) : Words vs ideasa direct quote (word for word) from another piece of work or you are putting someone else’s ideas into your own workSlide4
When
to quote
It is usually best to paraphrase or summarise information from other sources as this demonstrates your understanding of the information and your ability to apply it to your own work.It is more appropriate to quote directly from the text if:The quotes support your claimThey give your work credibilityThey serve as proof of evidenceSlide5
Quoting
What are some common mistakes with quoting?
Overuse of quotationsLack of introductionLack of relevancy or explanationSlide6
If you are copying a statement word for word, you need to put
double
quotation marks around it.Direct Short Quote:Quotation marksFor example:“The combination of action and research has contributed to its attraction to researchers, teachers and the academic and educational community alike.” (Cohen, Manion and Morrison, 2011, p.344)Slide7
For example:Original text from
source(Cohen, Manion and Morison, 2011):The combination of action and research has contributed to its attraction to researchers, teachers and the academic and educational community alike
Statement re-arranged into own words (paraphrased)It was seen as a great new compromise of the two styles by researchers, as well as teachers and the academic and educational staff (Cohen, Manion and Morison, 2011).Ideas: Is there a need for quotation marks?If you are writing someone else’s ideas into your own words then you do not need to use quotation marks. Slide8
Direct short quote:
“The combination of action and research has contributed to its attraction to researchers, teachers and the academic and educational community alike.” (Cohen, Manion
and Morrison, 2011, p.344)Statement re-arranged into own words (paraphrased)It was seen as a great new compromise of the two styles by researchers, as well as teachers and the academic and educational staff (Cohen, Manion and Morison, 2011).OrCohen, Manion and Morrison (2011) argue that it is a great new compromise of the two styles for researchers, teachers and academic staff.Indicating the sourceFor direct quotes and putting somebody else’s work into your own words, you need to indicate the source of the information in brackets.Slide9
Long
quotations/ Block quote
(more than 25 words) Longer quotes should be separated from the body of your text (written as a separate paragraph) and indented from the left-hand margin. The quote should be a 1 pt smaller than the surrounding textIn this case you do not need to use quotation marks. Slide10
Inductive analysis is discussed:
Inductive thinking proceeds from the specific to the general. Understandings are generated by starting with specific elements and finding connections among them. To argue inductively is to begin with particular pieces of evidence, then pull them together into a meaningful whole. Inductive data analysis is a search for patterns of meaningful data
so the general statements about phenomena under investigation can be made (Hatch 2002, p. 161).An example of long quotations/ block quote Slide11
These details are there to lead the reader to full details at the back of your assignment / report / document
.
Each separate source of information should always start with the same information as the citation in your essay so the source materials can be easily found.Directing the readerCohen Manion Morrison ReferencesCohen, L., Manion, L. and Morrison, K. (2011) Research Methods in Education 7th edn. London: Routledge(Cohen, Manion and Morison, 2011)Slide12
Components of a citation: Direct quoteA citation only includes a
maximum of 3 pieces of information. If you are copying a direct quote, this would be:
the author’s surname, the year it was published and the page number Koumi, 2009, p.5However, the categories I draw upon which are claimed to “add distinctive value to learning”. (Koumi, 2009, p.5)Slide13
Components of a citation: Not a direct quote (paraphrased)
If it is not a direct quote, you should include:
The author’s surname and the year the source was published( Pritchard, 2008)This draws together what are considered to be some of the main theories and views of researchers and practitioners (Pritchard, 2008).Slide14
Quotes must be integrated into your work to make your case. It cannot stand alone. For example:Original
source on choices and decisions:“Every bit of incoming information presents a choice: whether to pay attention, whether to reply, whether to factor it into an impeding decision. But decision science has shown that people faced with a plethora of choices are apt to make no decision at all” (Begley, 2009, p7)
People often believe that more information leads to better decisions. However, Begley argues, “Decision science has shown that people faced with a plethora of choices are apt to make no decision at all” (2009, p7). Our own ideas about information and choice, then, are not based on science, and our culture may need to rethink how instant information really influences our lives.Slide15
ACTIVITY : SUMMARY
Read the original source and the summary provided on the next slide.
Give your comments on the summary. Will this student be pinned down for plagiarism? Why?Slide16
Original source on choices and decisions:
“Every bit of incoming information presents a choice: whether to pay attention, whether to reply, whether to factor it into an impeding decision. But decision science has shown that people faced with a plethora of choices are apt to make no decision at all” (Begley, 2009, p7)
Summary:When people have an impeding decision, they have to make a choice. People faced with a lot of choices might not even make a decision.Slide17
Original source on choices and decisions:
“Every bit of incoming information presents a choice: whether to pay attention, whether to reply, whether to factor it into
an impeding decision. But decision science has shown that people faced with a plethora of choices are apt to make no decision at all” (Begley, 2009, p7) Summary:When people have an impeding decision, they have to make a choice. People faced with a lot of choices might not even make a decision. ANSWER:Slide18
ANSWER:
1) Author’s exact words / phrases are used:
…….an impending decision2) Same sentence structure / words in the same place in the sentence and language despite changing one or two words:……People faced with a plethora of choices/ a lot of choices3) There is no in – text citation for this summary ……. (Begley, 2009) Slide19
ACTIVITY : SUMMARY
How do you rewrite this into your work without plagiarism? Summarize the information into one sentenceSlide20
Original source on choices and decisions:
“Every bit of incoming information presents a choice: whether to pay attention, whether to reply, whether to factor it into an impeding decision. But decision science has shown that people faced with a plethora of choices are apt to make no decision at all” (Begley, 2009, p7)
Summary:Slide21
Original source on choices and decisions:
“Every bit of incoming information presents a choice: whether to pay attention, whether to reply, whether to factor it into an impeding decision. But decision science has shown that people faced with a plethora of choices are apt to make no decision at all” (Begley, 2009, p7)
Summary:Begley (2009) argues that more options make it harder for people to make a decision.Slide22
ACTIVITY : PARAPHRASE
Read the paraphrased version of the information (take note that this will be about the same length as the original source)
Give your commentsSlide23
Original source on choices and decisions:
“Every bit of incoming information presents a choice: whether to pay attention, whether to reply, whether to factor it into an impeding decision. But decision science has shown that people faced with a plethora of choices are apt to make no decision at all” (Begley, 2009, p7)
Paraphrased:Every time a person encounters information, they have a choice to look at it, answer it, or use it in an upcoming choice. However, it turns out that when we have too many choices, we don’t make a decision.Slide24
Original source on choices and decisions:
“
Every bit of incoming information presents a choice: whether to pay attention, whether to reply, whether to factor it into an impeding decision. But decision science has shown that people faced with a plethora of choices are apt to make no decision at all” (Begley, 2009, p7) Paraphrased:Every time a person encounters information, they have a choice to look at it, answer it, or use it in an upcoming choice. However, it turns out that when we have too many choices, we don’t make a decision.ANSWER:Slide25
ANSWER:
1) 6 to 7 words were in the same place as the original.
Note: Certain words such as ‘choice’ and ‘decision’ can be used again, however, it must not be in the exact same spot as the original.2) The words that are underlined for the paraphrased version is follows exactly the same sentence structure as the original workSlide26
ACTIVITY : PARAPHRASE
How do you rewrite this into your work without plagiarism?
Paraphrase the information (*Note: this will be about the same length)Slide27
How to paraphrase?
Read the original work and then put it aside.
Formulate the idea(s) in your head/ Think about the idea(s) / and try to understand it. Now write in your own words without looking at the original textOnce you are done, look at both the original and your work to see if you have the main ideas correct.Do not forget to cite your information. Slide28
Original source on choices and decisions:
“Every bit of incoming information presents a choice: whether to pay attention, whether to reply, whether to factor it into an impeding decision. But decision science has shown that people faced with a plethora of choices are apt to make no decision at all” (Begley, 2009, p7)
Paraphrase:Slide29
Original source on choices and decisions:
“
Every bit of incoming information presents a choice: whether to pay attention, whether to reply, whether to factor it into an impeding decision. But decision science has shown that people faced with a plethora of choices are apt to make no decision at all” (Begley, 2009, p7) Correct paraphrase:We have to process all of the data we receive and figure out what to do with it, from ignoring it to using it for a decision as too much of this can leave us unable to decide (Begley, 2009). ANSWER:Slide30