e r V a l l e y C i v i l i z a t i o n s S Political Social Economic Monarchy king amp hereditary rule Autocratic style absolute power City states initially then empires heterogeneous ID: 311531
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River Valley CivilizationsSlide2
SPoliticalSocialEconomic Monarchy (king & hereditary rule) Autocratic style (absolute power)City states (initially) then empires (heterogeneous)King- maintain agriculture & orderHarsh law codes (lex talionis)Theocracy- religion integral part of gov. (priests) Agricultural Trade (internal & external)Coinage & barterCuneiform to keep recordsAdvanced technology: wheel, chariots, horses, sailing, metallurgySlave laborUpper class education- scribes and merchantsUnique buildings (ziggurats, Hanging Gardens)PolytheisticPatriarchal (Power for women=divorce, priestesses, little)Social classes (highest- king and priests lowest-slaves)Art & architecture
Heterogeneous
Polygamy in certain situations
MesopotamiaSlide3
SPoliticalSocialEconomicMonarchy (king & hereditary rule) Autocratic style (absolute power)Centralized*Pharaoh (god-king)Theocracy- religion integral part of gov. (priests)Law codes Agricultural Trade- a lot (internal & external)Specialized HieroglyphsAdvanced technologyLots of stuff (ostentatious, jewelry, etc.)Artisans= importantHierarchyClass system w/ priests/pharaohs, scribes, merchants/artists, & slave labor PatriarchalWomen power- scribes, rulers, pictured in art, priestesses, own & inherit property, divorcePolytheisticArchitecture and engineering
EgyptSlide4
SPoliticalSocialEconomicCity states- very organizedTheocracy- religion integral part of gov. (priests)Grid street patternTwo main cities- Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro AgriculturalTrade- Egypt & Mesopotamia (internal & external)Writing- lots of, but we can’t decipherAdvanced technologyHierarchyLots of artAryans brought in the basis of the caste system and HinduismBrahmins, kshatriyas, vaisyas, shudrasEveryone works together to support (like body)IndiaSlide5
SPoliticalSocialEconomicMonarchy (king & hereditary rule) Autocratic style (absolute power) during ShangTheocracy- religion integral part of gov. (priests) during ShangLaw codesMandate of Heaven during Zhou (secular)Feudalism/land division (decentralized & limited control to king) during Zhou) AgriculturalTrade with nomads- got Mesopotamian technology indirectlyBronze (monopoly over gave Shang power) Writing- pictographs to ideographsAdvanced technologyIron (later)HierarchyClass system w/ priests the Zhou rulers, & peasantsPatriarchalRise of large states and patriarchal family heads in charge of ancestor rites Tian- heavenWriting
ChinaSlide6
SPoliticalSocialEconomicCity statesTheocracy- religion integral part of gov. (priests)Law codesOlmecs- MesoamericaChavin- AndesOlmec giant basalt heads (possibly leaders)AgriculturalTrade not w/ Mesopotamia, etc.No horses, iron, beasts of burden, wheel (no need)Obsidian Writing- pictographs, ideographs (not Chavin)Advanced technologyHierarchy (big heads)PolytheisticWriting (not Chavin)
AmericaSlide7
CHINESE DYNASTIESSlide8
SPoliticalSocialEconomicTheocracy- religion integral part of gov. (priests had power)Relative centralizationSmallAgriculturalTrade (often w/ nomads)Bronze (monopoly over gave power) WritingAdvanced technologyMetallurgyHierarchyClass system where priests had lots of power & oracle bonesPatriarchalTian- heavenWritingAncestor worship/ filial piety
ShangSlide9
SPoliticalSocialEconomicMandate of Heaven Secular- priests had little/no powerFeudalism- division of landDecentralizedAgriculturalTradeIron WritingAdvanced technologyMetallurgyHierarchyClass system where lords had lots of powerPatriarchalTian- heavenWritingAncestor worship/ filial piety
ZhouSlide10
SPoliticalSocialEconomicVery centralizedBureaucracy- organizedBased on LegalismAutocraticQin Shi HuandiStandardized- currency, law, writingPrecursor to the Great WallAgriculturalTrade (internal focus)Iron weaponsHierarchy (law makers than peasants)PatriarchalAncestor worship/ filial pietyOpposed to any new or old literature that differed from the governmentQinSlide11
SPoliticalSocialEconomicCentralizedEarl- Legalism- laws- less harshConfucianism*Imperial expansion (government sanctioned and organized expansionHeterogeneous made to be homogeneous (sinification)Wu Ti- school, scholar gentry, & Civil Service examAgricultural- YangtzeTrade (Silk Road)SericultureMore food led to surplus and a larger population this lead to specialized labor which in turn lead to increased tradeHanHierarchy (emperor, scholar gentry/lords, farmers, merchants, mean people/foreigners)Patriarchal
Ancestor worship/ filial piety
Education increased which lead to
Some social mobility
Social customs (tea ceremony, chopsticks, bowing) to separate from barbarians
Middle Kingdom- middle of the worldSlide12
INDIAN CivilizationsSlide13
SPoliticalSocialEconomicCity states- very organizedTheocracy- religion integral part of gov. (priests)Grid street patternTwo main cities- Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro AgriculturalTrade- Egypt & Mesopotamia (internal & external)Writing- lots of, but we can’t decipherAdvanced technologyHierarchyPolytheisticLots of artAryans brought in the basis of the caste system and HinduismBrahmins, kshatriyas, vaisyas, shudrasEveryone works together to support (like body)
HarappaSlide14
SPoliticalSocialEconomicdecentralizedAgriculturalTrade- Egypt & Mesopotamia (internal & external)Advanced technologyHierarchy- the caste systemPolytheisticWritingAryans brought in the basis of the caste system and HinduismBrahmins, kshatriyas, vaisyas, shudrasEveryone works together to support (like body)Vedic & Regional KingdomsSlide15
Classical Era Begins. . .Slide16
SPoliticalSocialEconomicCentralizedChandragupta MauryaAshokaTwo main cities- Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro AgriculturalTrade- Egypt & Mesopotamia (internal & external)Writing- including Ashoka’s stone edictsAdvanced technologyHierarchy/castePolytheisticSome Buddhism spreadsHierarchy/caste and HinduismDecrease focus on caste systemMauryaSlide17
SPoliticalSocialEconomicdecentralizedAgriculturalTrade- Egypt & Mesopotamia (internal & external)Advanced technologyHierarchy- the caste systemPolytheisticWritingRegional KingdomsSlide18
SPoliticalSocialEconomic Loose centralizationChandra GuptaAgriculturalIncrease in tradeWriting-Advanced technologyHierarchy/castePolytheisticIncreased patriarchy (increased sati)Hierarchy/caste and HinduismIncreased focus on caste system due to state sponsorship of HinduismIncreased jati and courtsIncreased literatureGuptaSlide19
SPoliticalSocialEconomicdecentralizedAgriculturalTrade- Egypt & Mesopotamia (internal & external)Advanced technologyHierarchy- the caste systemPolytheisticWritingRegional KingdomsSlide20
SSHinduismBuddhismDeities (religion)Goal= moksha - stop reincarnation - one with Brahman - like a physical stepping stoneGet to moksha by fulfilling dharma (duty)Accept the status quoLike the caste system“Violence” accepted as a part of life No deities (philosophy)Goal= “Buddha” - “spiritual understanding” - Nirvana - understanding what you’re supposed to do“Dharma” = 8-fold path -morality -not a physical stepMore likely to be outraged by social injustice
Disliked the caste system
Non-violent
Similarities:
Vegetarians
Meditate
Reincarnation (& trying to escape it)Slide21
Middle eaSTSlide22
SPoliticalSocialEconomicCentralizedBureaucracyAchamenidSatraps and satrapiesRoyal roadsTolerance Law codesAgriculturalTradeAdvanced technologyRoyal roadsQuanats CapitalsHierarchy/slaveryPatriarchalWritingZoroastrianism- but it wasn’t state adoptedPersia-
AchamenidSlide23
SPoliticalSocialEconomicCentralizedEventually divided into 3 partsLaw codesAgriculturalTradeAdvanced technologyAqueductsHierarchy/slaveryPatriarchal- increase in Persia, but the rights of Greek women increasedWritingFlourish of literature, science, and mathMASSIVE cultural diffusionPersia- AlexanderSlide24
SPoliticalSocialEconomicDecentralizedPolis and city states- each with their own godsCalled themselves HellenesNot unifiedVarious governmentsAthens=democracyLaw codesLimited food production do to mountainous terrainProduced olives, grapes, goatsNeeded to trade and find wheat/ a food sourceAdvanced technologyHierarchy/slaveryPatriarchal- Sparta was least patriarchal, but in general polis were very patriarchal WritingBronze burial masks- Minoans & Mycenaeans Epics and mythology (polytheistic)Anthropomorphic godsBisexuality of men was accepted and even promoted
GreeceSlide25
SPoliticalSocialEconomicCentralized“Republic”Monarchy- Republic- EmpireTwelve tables- law codesPatricians and plebiansMilitaristicAgricultureRoad buildingPax RomanaTradeAdvanced technologyHierarchy/slaveryPatriarchal- pater familiasWritingMore like Sparta than AthensUtilitarianGreco-Roman culturePolytheistic
RomeSlide26
PostCLASSIcal Period600-1450Slide27
SPoliticalSocialEconomicCentralizedEmperor co-rules w/ GodAutocratic, theocratic, monarchy, bureacracyTheme system- general in charge of land w/ all proceeds going to the emperorRelatively small and compact; not very expansionisticJustinian tries to re-conquer west & codifies Roman lawLots of tradeLots of foodLots if luxury goodsStole silk-making from ChinaAdvanced technologyHierarchyChristian!!!!- state adoptedLess patriarchy than RomeWritingGreek speaking“intellectuals” = education and literacy (old works)Mosaics
Byzantine EmpireSlide28
SPoliticalSocialEconomicSuper decentralized (villages and clans; everyone is in survival mode)Warfare 700- Kingdom of the Franks (didn’t last long)Charlemagne- crowned for Pope to show that he didn’t need the Byzantine creates idea of Holy Roman Empire where Pop crowns German kings“feudalistic”- developed system but didn’t do a good job land to generalsOutside invaders= Vikings 800-1000Subsistence farming- individuals make everything they needInternal trade by 1000No specialized labor because of instable government and lack of surplusHierarchyChristian! (blended with animism/superstitions) - state adoptedChristian preserve literacy- monastariesNo writing
Early Middle AgesSlide29
SPoliticalSocialEconomicCentralizedExtreme expansion- wow!Religious based but not state adoptedTheocratic beginningLots of citiesMuhammad/caliphate, Umayyad, AbbasidsAgricultural TRADERS!!!!!!!Multi-ethnicLove educationArabic= language of religionHierarchy & Slaves- rules on how to treatWritingLots and lots of achievementsRising patriarchyTolerant- dhimmi (people of the book, Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians), jizya
,
malawi
(converts)
Islamic EmpiresSlide30
SPoliticalSocialEconomicPhilosophies helped bounce back621 rise of Sui (like Qin, rebuild and short)CentralizedSui Early Tang Tang/Song (Golden Age) Late Song750- renewal of Confucianism (scholar gentry, bureaucracy, education)Expansionistic- Korea, Japan, Vietnam (closer= more sinified ie. Korea farther= less sinified ie Vietnam)Agricultural with a rise in rise pproductionRise in tradeAdvanced technologyHierarchyRise in learning (Early- rise in Buddhism Later-decrease in Buddhism)Early- less patriarchy Late- increase in patriarchy (footbinding)
Writing
Rise in artisans
Rise in science
Rise in achievements
ChinaSlide31
SPoliticalSocialEconomicDecentralized- regional kingdomsIslam introduced into Northern IndiaHarsha- brief centralization, promotes BuddhismInfluence SE Asia with Buddhism and IslamJatisAgricultureIndian Ocean tradeHinduism/caste systemPatriarchy- less than the GuptaRise in achievementsIndia