Waterenergyfood nexus lessons from small hydropower in Bhilangana subbasin Tehri Garhwal Uttarakhand India In collaboration with Dr Christopher Scott and Dr Stephanie Buechler ID: 802652
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TAJ PALACE, NEW DELHI | 12 – 14 SEPTEMBER 2016
Water-energy-food nexus lessons from small hydropower in
Bhilangana
sub-basin,
Tehri
Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
In collaboration withDr. Christopher Scott and Dr. Stephanie Buechler, University of Arizona, USADr Ravi Chopra, People’s Science Institute, IndiaDr. Suraj Mal, University of Delhi, IndiaRashmi Shrestha and Dr. Aditi Mukherji, ICIMOD, Nepal
By - Neha Khandekar,
Debashish
Sen
Slide2Uttarakhand, India
Slide3TAJ PALACE, NEW DELHI | 12 – 14 SEPTEMBER 2016
1,000 kW = 1 MW
1,000 MW = 1 GW
Rapid Expansion of Hydropower in Uttarakhand
Slide4TAJ PALACE, NEW DELHI | 12 – 14 SEPTEMBER 2016
Small hydro
power projects in these
small streams
can be developed with
minimum risksUttarakhand Policy for Small Hydro Power Project (2.0 – 25 MW) 4,096 potential sites for small hydropower development have been identified ( > 10,000 MW capacity) Ministry of Environment and Forests, EIA Notification 2006Small hydropower offers many social benefits rural electricity to enhance the lives of marginalized
people.
Slide5TAJ PALACE, NEW DELHI | 12 – 14 SEPTEMBER 2016
“
During tunneling, ground water or water from springs can enter into the tunnel .”
“In ROR projects, a considerable length of river is bypassed and water is discharged into the river only after the power house.”
AHEC, IIT R, 2011
“Despite the protections delineated in the No Objection Certificates, small hydropower projects commonly disrupt kuhl irrigation systems or cause them to cease functioning altogether, either by physically damaging the irrigation system or by diverting the water on which the irrigation system relies “J. Mark Baker, 2014Impacts cited in published literature
Slide6TAJ PALACE, NEW DELHI | 12 – 14 SEPTEMBER 2016
Water-energy-food nexus
Bhilangana
III HEP, 24 MW
Bhilangana
HEP , 22.5 MW
Slide7TAJ PALACE, NEW DELHI | 12 – 14 SEPTEMBER 2016
Hydropower-Irrigation nexus
How can we characterize the irrigation-hydropower nexus and harness it for enhanced ecosystems services and more equitable, sustainable and self-reliant development?
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Methods
RRA, FGDs, Household surveys (25 per cent stratified sampling)
Mapping of livelihood impacts on cadastral maps
Review of project related documents e.g. DPRs, village agreements, writ petitions, etc.
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Reduced Discharge in Springs due to blasting
Reduced Irrigation
Slide12Devling Village, 125 HHs
Slide13Phalenda Village, 110 HHs
Slide14TAJ PALACE, NEW DELHI | 12 – 14 SEPTEMBER 2016
Project
Villages
Total Irrigated
Land
(Ha)
Impacted Irrigated Land in Ha
HHs Affected
(Per Cent)
Land Sold to HEP
Reduced Water Availability
Muck
Affected
Total Area Impacted (Per Cent)
Bhilangana
Phalenda
15.33
0.031.970.152.15 (14)50 (40)Bhilangana IIIDevling17.573.349.845.8013.18 (75)105 (95)
Villages
Sampled
HHs
Post-HEP
Drop in Crop Productivity
(In Per Cent)
Agricultural Produce
Loss (kg/yr/HH)
Agricultural Produce
Loss (kg/yr/capita)
Paddy
Wheat
Phalenda
29
27
31
42
7
Devling
26
44
35
150
21
Increased market dependency (4-8 months) of affected households
Slide15TAJ PALACE, NEW DELHI | 12 – 14 SEPTEMBER 2016
Caste
Devling
Village
Phalenda
VillageR22742SC62---
Economic StatusDevling VillagePhalenda VillageWell off14359Middle income25156Poor11919Very poor70----Primary OccupationDevling Village
Phalenda
Village
Ag
161
45
L
62
22
G
---
50OT22143
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Key lessons
Small
RoR
type HEPs infrastructure poses threat to food and water security
But better negotiation mechanisms (grievance cell) can ensure water and food security
Slide18TAJ PALACE, NEW DELHI | 12 – 14 SEPTEMBER 2016
Ongoing Science-Policy Workshops