Chapter 1 History of Anatomy amp Physiology Important Individuals William Harvey 1 April 1578 3 June 1657 was an English physician who was the first to describe correctly and in detail the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped to the body by the heart ID: 346737
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 1Slide2
History of Anatomy & Physiology
Important Individuals:
William
Harvey
(1 April 1578 – 3 June 1657) was an English physician who was the first to describe correctly and in detail the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped to the body by the heart.
Henry Gray (1827–1861)
was
an English anatomist and surgeon most notable
for
publishing the book Gray's Anatomy the leading reference text on structures. (Still in print today!)Slide3
Historical Examples of Medical Care
I. History of Anatomy and Physiology
1775 - Period Practices:
Mortified
o Mortification occurs when the wounded area no longer receives enough blood or air in order for the tissue to sustain itself. The most common term for mortification is gangrene.
o Gangrene (tissue death) is the rotting and decay of the flesh or body parts caused by infection or thrombosis or lack of blood flow. Typical sign of mortification is the stench of dead flesh, a blackening of the skin and painful swelling.
o The most common form of gangrene involving gunshot wounds or amputation was gas gangrene. Today we know it is caused by the clostridium
perfringens
bacteria. It spreads quickly and is still often fatal.
Removing leg; Used wine and brandy to disinfect; Difficulty stopping bleeding; Wiped wounded soldiers with water (American Revolutionary Times)
1861-1865 - Poultice (Civil War Medicine)Slide4
II. Body Barriers- Defenses we have against disease and infection.
A. Anatomic
Barriers
1. intact skin
2. mucous lining of respiratory tract
B
.
Physiological
Barriers
1. gastric acid (HCL) of the stomach
2
. immune factors in blood (serums,
antibodies
) and white blood
cells
C
.
Unknown
Factors: which could be genetic and/or chemical in natureSlide5
II. Body Cavities
A
. Axial portion - head
B.
Appendicular
portion - arms and legs
C. Dorsal cavity: fairly small and well protected
1. Cranial - brain
2. Spinal - spinal cord
D. Ventral cavity - large and partially protected
1. Thoracic cavity - three parts,
mediastinum
separates into 3 areas
2.
Abdominopelvic
cavity - contains small pelvic cavity in bottom cavitySlide6
cavitiesSlide7
II. Body Membranes
A
. Abdomen - peritoneum
1. Parietal peritoneum - lines body wall
2. Visceral - lines surface of organs
B. Thorax - 2 varieties of membranes
1. Pleura - always found in lung areas
a) Parietal pleura - covers wall of thorax
b) Visceral pleura - on surface of lungs
2. Pericardium - on heart
a) Parietal pericardium - forms a sac around
the heart
b
) Visceral pericardium - on surface of heartSlide8
Chart of Membranes
Abdomen
Heart
Thorax
peritoneum
pericardium
pleura
Visceral = on an organ
Parietal
= on an outside of an organ or surrounds an organSlide9
Regions and Cavities