The Citizenship Handbook (pg. 251) - PowerPoint Presentation

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The Citizenship Handbook (pg. 251)Part 1: Ideas Behind the ConstitutionPart 2: Structure of the ConstitutionPart 3: Principles of the ConstitutionPart 4: Legislative BranchPart 5: Executive BranchPart 6: Judicial BranchPart 7: Amending the ConstitutionPart 8: The First AmendmentPart 9: State and Local GovernmentsPart 10: Rights and Responsibilities of CitizenshipSlide2

Ideas Behind the Constitution: (pg. 252)

Colonial Views on Government:

4 MAIN Influences on the U.S. Constitution:

-Religious and Classical roots

-English Roots

-English Enlightenment

-French EnlightenmentSlide3

What’s your philosophy?(or “way of thinking "about things)

… ideas from parents? (or people whose ideas /views you respect?)

How do you formulate these ideas?

…favorite artists?

…life experiences?Slide4

Our founding fathers were no different-we’re all driven by our philosophies.

World Events

History

Books

Religion

GovernmentsSlide5

Influence #1: religious and classical rootsKey words: natural law, direct democracy, representative government, civic virtue

Ancient Judaism: deep respect for the law

Thomas Aquinas-natural law

=

Direct Democracy

(Ex: Ancient Greece)

Roman Republic & representative governmentSlide6

Influence #2: ENGLISH ROOTSDefined rights & duties of nobles, set limits on monarch’s power - Established the rule of law: NO ONE is above the lawIndividual Rights: reaffirms the individual rights they received from prior documents Magna Carta English Bill of Rights

Keywords (or principles): Magna Carta, Petition of Rights, Limited Government, English Bill of Rights, Individual Rights

Petition of Rights

-Limited Government

(King’s power is

not

absolute—colonists respected this)

(not even these guys)Slide7

Influence #3: English EnlightenmentKey words/people: Social contract theory, Thomas Hobbes, natural rights, John LockeThomas Hobbes

-Government is a result of a social contract between people and their rulers

John Locke

-

Wrote that all people are equal

-Deserve certain natural rights

-Ideas

that were

influential and used to justify the revolution

-Slide8

Influence #4:FRENCH ENLIGHTENMENT“The heart of the idea of the social contract may be stated simply: Each of us places his person and authority under the supreme direction of the general will, and the group receives each individual as an indivisible part of the whole.”-Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract, 1762

Keywords/names: Montesequieu, Rousseau, separation of powers, popular sovereignty

Montesquieu

Came up with the idea for separation of power & 3 braches

legislative

Executive

Judicial

Rousseau

& Social ContractSlide9

Structure of the Constitution… (pg. 254)In other words, how it the Constitution organized?Preamble:Form a more perfect unionEstablish justiceEnsure domestic tranquilityProvide for the common defensePromote the general welfareSecure the blessings of libertyArticles7 Articles created the foundation for our government

Amendments

27 changes have been made to the original document (The

B.o.R. is the 1st ten.)Slide10

Principles of the Constitution (pg. 256)The Constitution rests on 7 basic principles:Popular sovereignty - people are the source of govt. powerLimited Government - govt. only has power given to it by ConstitutionSeparation of

Powers

- each

branch has specific dutiesChecks & Balances - safeguard against abuse of powerFederalism - division of power between national & state govt.Republicanism - elected representatives make decisionsIndividual Rights - the Constitution protects citizens’ rightsThe goal of these principles were to create a government that was effective, yet still responsive to the people.Slide11

Warm upQuestion: What was the goal of the Constitutional Convention that was held in Philadelphia in 1787?Slide12

Answer: “for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation.”When the delegates originally met in Philly they intended to revise the Articles, NOT create a whole new document. Quickly they realized a new document would be necessary.Slide13

Details of the ConstitutionSlide14

CONSTITUTION PIECESOnly 7 pieces or articles to the Constitution Slide15

ARTICLE ILEGISLATIVE BRANCHMake or write the laws https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyeJ55o3El0Slide16

ARTICLE II•EXECUTIVE BRANCHEnforce the laws, military, FBI, US Marshalls, …………….. Slide17

ARTICLE IIIJUDICIAL BRANCHReview the laws Slide18

ARTICLE IV

Relations among states

- Equal from State to State

- Extradition  accused returned to state where crime was committed Slide19

ARTICLE VProvisions for AmendmentIt takes 2/3 Congress to approver or 2/3 of the States to pass a Constitutional Amendment

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_wbxHmSQKcSlide20

ARTICLE VI National Debts, Supremacy of National Law, Oath

-Pay all debts owed

-Constitution over State

-Govt. officials take an oath of officeJAMES MADISONSlide21

ARTICLE VIIRatification

9 of 13

39 of 55

sign in June 1788Slide22

WHAT WAS THE BIGGEST CRITCISM ABOUT THE CONSTITUTION?THE ISSUE OFPEOPLE’S RIGHTS…nothing protected the citizens of the U.S.A.

The Bill of Rights was added in 1791 (Written by James Madison)Slide23

Warm UpHow many articles make up the Constitution?Slide24

AnswerThere are 7 articles that make up the ConstitutionSlide25

Debating the Constitution7.3Slide26

Choosing Sides !!!!!

Federal Hall, New York City

U.S. Capitol while George Washington was President!

These groups were not considered political parties, only people with similar ideas on the new plan of government!

As the Constitution made it’s way around the states

two groups formed opinions about the Constitution…

(The NEW plan for government)Slide27

Choosing Sides !!!!! FEDERALISTS

ANTIFEDERALISTS

Beliefs: Supported theConstitutionAnti - Constitution

Wanted StrongNational Govt.

Wanted Strong

State Govt.

Wanted Individual

RightsSlide28

Choosing Sides !!!!! FEDERALISTS

Supporters:

Ben Franklin

James

Madison

(Father of the

Constitution)Slide29

Choosing Sides !!!!! FEDERALISTS

Supporters:

George Washington

Alexander

Hamilton

John

Jay Slide30

Choosing Sides !!!!! Anti-FEDERALISTS

Supporters:

Thomas Paine

Patrick

Henry

George MasonSlide31

Bill of Rights (1791)

Bill of Rights =

The first Ten Amendments of the Constitution

Slide32

Bill of Rights

Purpose:

Protect our individual freedoms or privileges Slide33

Amendment

#1

#

1 FREEDOMS

-religion, speech, press, assembly &

petition

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mmbwhpBsBw

-

Result of freedoms the British had tried to take awaySlide34

Amendment #2#2 Right to Bear Arms

-individual

-Result of the states

making sure they could keep their militiasSlide35

Amendment

#3

#3 NO Quartering Troops

-home privacy

-

Result of the Quartering ActsSlide36

Amendment #4#4 Search and Seizure

-Warrant

-Probable Cause

-Result of the Writs of Assistance Slide37

Amendment #5

#5 Rights of the Accused

-cannot be forced to incriminate yourself

-

cannot be tried more than once for the same crime (double jeopardy)

Benedict Arnold Slide38

Amendment #6

#6 Right to a SPEEDY / FAIR trial

-must be opened to the public

-jury must hear both sides

-accused must be provided with counsel

Result of the one judge, no jurySlide39

Amendment #7

#7 Civil Suits of Common

Law

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJHTDgMRE8o

-common law = established by previous

decisionsSlide40

Amendment #8

#8 Bail and Punishment

-fair and fitting of the crime

Slide41

Amendment #9

#9 Powers reserved to the People

-not limited to those mentioned in the Constitution Slide42

Amendment #10

#10 Powers reserved to the States

- The States or the people retain all powers except those specifically granted to the federal governmentSlide43

Chapter 7 Sec 1 Governing a New NationSlide44

Warm upQuestion: What is the Bill of Rights and why was it created?Slide45

Answer:First 10 Amendments to the ConstitutionCreated to protect individual liberties and freedomsSlide46

The ConstitutionSlide47

Warm upQuestion: What are the two main political parties in the United States? Briefly explain each.Slide48

Answer:Democrats- support social reform and international cooperation in foreign affairs -liberal (Generally speaking: in favor of abortion, gay marriage)Republicans- support business and financial interests and a limited govt. role in social and economic life -conservative (Generally speaking: in favor of the 2nd amendment, capital punishment)Slide49

3 Branches of GovernmentSlide50

Legislative BranchPurpose: “Make the laws”Created by Article 1 of the ConstitutionWho’s Involved: CongressUpper House (Senate)Lower House (House of Representatives)Slide51

Legislative Branch cont. Upper House- SenateHow many- 100Leader- President Pro Tempore of the Senate (Daniel Inouye)Qualifications: 30 years oldServe 6 yr. term (no limit)

Duties

Confirms U.S. treaties by

2/3 voteConfirms President’s appointments by a majority voteVotes whether to remove impeached officials from officeDecides who will be Vice President if no candidate receives a majority of the electoral votes ***Technically VP Joe Biden is President of the Senate

Pay-181 KSlide52

Legislative Branch cont. Lower House- House of RepresentativesHow many- 435Leader- Speaker of the House (Paul Ryan)Qualifications: 25 years oldServe 2 yr. term (no limit)Duties

Originates all

revenue

billsVotes whether to impeach federal officialsDecides who will be President if no candidate receives a majority of the electoral vote Slide53

The Electoral CollegeThe Electoral College vote totals determine the president and vice president, not the majority a candidate may have in the nationwide popular vote totals.538= 2 (for the 2 senators) + __ (for the # of representatives) Plus 3 electors from D.C.To become president a candidate must earn a majority of the electoral college NOT the popular vote!Slide54

Unusual ElectionsFour times in U.S. history -- 1824, 1876, 1888, and 2000 -- the candidate who collected the most popular votes nationwide failed to win the majority of electoral votes.The House has selected the president twice, in 1800 and 1824. The Senate has selected the vice president once, in 1836.Ronald Reagan received the most Electoral College votes in history, with 525 in 1984.Slide55

ImpeachmentsPresidentialAndrew Johnson-1868, impeached by the House of Representatives, but not the Senate (violated the Tenure Act)Bill Clinton-1998, impeached by the House of Representatives, but not the Senate (perjury and obstruction of justice)Richard Nixon-resigned before he could stand trialSupreme CourtSam Chase-1805, impeached by the House of Representatives, but not the Senate (let his partisan feelings affect his decisions)Slide56

Executive BranchPurpose: “Carry out the laws”Created by Article 2 of the ConstitutionWho’s Involved: President & Vice President

Duties & Titles of the President of the U.S.

Chief

ExecutiveCommander in ChiefHead of stateDirector of foreign policyLegislative leaderHead of political partyEconomic guardianPresident Obama400K

Qualifications

35 years old

Natural born U.S. citizen

Live in U.S. for 14 yearsSlide57

Executive Branch cont. Duties of the Vice PresidentReplace President in the event of death, resignation, or incapacityAttends ceremonial duties President is too busy to attendCabinet: Advisors to the President

Vice President BidenSlide58

Succession of the PresidentVice PresidentSpeaker of the HousePresident Pro Tempore of the SenateSecretary of stateSecretary of the treasurySecretary of defenseAttorney general

Secretary of the interior

Secretary of agriculture

Secretary of commerceSecretary of laborSecretary of health and human serviceSecretary of housing and urban developmentSecretary of transportationSecretary of energySecretary of educationSecretary of veterans affairsSlide59

Judicial BranchPurpose: “Interpret the laws”Created in Article 3 of the ConstitutionWho’s Involved: The Supreme Court (9 Justices, led by the Chief Justice)

Qualifications:

The U.S. Constitution does not set out specific qualifications for becoming a Supreme Court justice .

Judicial branch is composed of lower courts and the Supreme Court of the U.S.Duties:Determine if laws and actions agree with the ConstitutionThe courts settle conflicts between individuals and the statesDecide if someone is guilty of breaking the law and how a guilty person should be punishedSlide60

Judicial Branch

Current Supreme Court Justices

Current

membership

Chief

Justice

John

Roberts

Associate Justices

Antonin Scalia

Anthony Kennedy

Clarence Thomas

Ruth Bader Ginsburg

Stephen Breyer

Samuel AlitoSonia SotomayorElena KaganSlide61

Checks and BalancesEach branch can check, or limit, the power of the other two. This helps maintain a balance of power among the three branches.

&Slide62

CHECKS AND BALANCES Slide63
Slide64

The Checks and Balances System

Power

Branch

Branch Being CheckedDeclare a law or action unconstitutionalJudicialExecutiveLegislativeVeto BillsExecutiveLegislative

Ratifies TreatiesLegislativeExecutive

Approves Federal Judge

Appointments

Legislative

Executive

Impeachment of President

Legislative

ExecutiveSlide65

Definitions you should know…Reserved power: powers that belong to the state governmentEnumerated power: powers that belong to the federal governmentConcurrent power: powers that are shared by both the state and federal levels of governmentSlide66

Levels of the GovernmentSlide67

Warm upQuestion: What are the three branches of government and briefly describe the powers of each branch.Slide68

Answer:Legislative- (Congress) Makes the lawsExecutive- (President) Carries out the lawsJudicial- (Supreme Court) Interprets the lawsSlide69

CH 7 NPQ # 2The ConstitutionSlide70

Warm up:Question: What happens to citizens’ rights when they move from one state to another?Slide71

Answer:Nothing! A person’s rights remain the same from state to stateSlide72

Question:Who can propose a bill to Congress?Slide73

Answer:Any U.S. citizen. That includes all people, the president, members of Congress!Slide74

Question: Why is the Constitution better than the Articles of Confederation?Slide75

Answer:It separated the government into 3 branches, instead of 1It balanced power between the state and local levels of governmentIt created a federal level of government that could change with the U.S.A.