Chapter 6 Section 2 Before the video Get out a sheet of paper Write an example of each type of thermal energy transfer discussed in the video Bill Nye Clip After the video Draw a diagram of each type of thermal energy transfer that you listed from the video Include the heat source wh ID: 425222
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Slide1
Transferring Thermal Energy
Earth Science Applications
Objectives 4-9Slide2
Thermal Energy
Thermal Energy: sum of the kinetic and potential energy of all the molecules in an object
Thermal Energy increases as temperature increases
Heat is thermal energy that flows from high temperatures to low
temperatures
Earth’s sources of heat: Sun, gravitational contraction, radioactive decay, asteroid/meteorite bombardmentSlide3
How is heat transferred?
Conduction
Convection
RadiationSlide4
Conduction
Transfer of thermal energy through matter by the direct contact of particles
Ex:
Holding snow/ice in your hand
Holding a cup of
coffee
Earth Science: conduction occurs at Earth’s surface as the particles in the atmosphere make direct contact with the ground.Slide5
Radiation
Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
Travel through space regardless of matter being present or not
Ex
:
Standing by a fire to warm your hands
Earth Science: Sun
heating the EarthSlide6
RadiationSlide7
Convection
Transfer of energy by the motion of heated particles in a fluid
Energetic particles move from one spot to another, carrying energy with them
Convection
currents are a rising and sinking
action
Ex:
Lava Lamp
Earth Science: Convection
Currents on
Earth (mantle, atmosphere, oceans)Slide8
Helpful Links
Atmosphere and Ocean Live Data
Ventusky Live DataSlide9
Global Circulation Video
Overall, the Sun heats the surface of the Earth, and Earth radiates back to space about as much energy as it receives over the course of a year. (300)
Day vs. Night, Poles vs. Tropics
Balancing the budget! (301)
Tropics and other places maintain fairly constant average temps
bec
heat energy is redistributed around the world. The continual motion of air and water reallocates heat energy among Earth’s surface, oceans, and atmosphere and brings it into balance. Slide10
Energy Transfer in Oceans:
Vertically –
Water Masses (397-8) – sea ice forms, salt ions are left, cold salty water becomes denser and sinks, (H – density current) arctic, salty water migrates toward the equator along the ocean floor
Upwelling (405) – upward motion of ocean water, water originates from the bottom of the ocean and are cold, surface water is displaced by winds and replaced by upwelling deep water, waters are rich in nutrients which support marine lifeSlide11
Energy Transfer in Oceans:
Horizontally –
Density currents - arctic, salty water migrates toward the equator along the ocean floor, move slowly in deep ocean waters (403)
Surface currents – wind driven and follow wind patterns, relatively salty
midlatitude
/ subtropical water carried into polar regions and become colder and denser and sink (403)
Gyres – closed, circular current systems, five major ones, northern hemisphere = clockwise, southern hemisphere = counterclockwise
--Read page 404 and view the figureSlide12
Salinity GraphSlide13
Salinity Map
Salinity MapSlide14
Light AbsorptionSlide15
ThermoclineSlide16
Thermohaline / Global
Conveyer BeltSlide17
GyresSlide18
Energy Transfer in Atmosphere:
Global Wind Systems (305-6)
Wind (282) – air moves in response to density imbalances created by the unequal heating and cooling of Earth’s surface, works like air conditioned building, H
L
Air Masses (303) – large body of air that takes on characteristics of the area over which it forms,
cP
cT
mP
mT
, air masses move transferring heat from one area to another to establish heat balanceSlide19Slide20Slide21Slide22Slide23Slide24Slide25
FRONTSSlide26
On a weather mapSlide27
Weather Map Ex