nd June 1 hour 45 minutes Religion and Conflict Religion and Medicine Religious Expression Authority Religion and State Tips and Techniques And a brief reminder of what you all already know ID: 551517
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Slide1
Tuesday 7nd June1 hour 45 minutes
Religion and ConflictReligion and MedicineReligious ExpressionAuthority – Religion and State.
Tips and Techniques
And a brief reminder…
of what you all already know!Slide2
There are 5 questions in each section (a – e).
a) 2 marks b) 4 marks c) 4 marks d) 6 marks
e) 8 marksTotal 24 marks.
How do I answer the questions ?
Blue-Knowledge and understanding.Green - EvaluationSlide3
You can answer the questions in any order.
Have a look over the different sections. It might be a good idea to do your favourite section first (if you think there is a worst -leave it ‘til last).Try to spend 25 minutes on each section.Look at the pictures at the beginning of each section. They have lots of information in them which may help you with your answer or prompt a thought if you are stuck.Slide4
A definition will get you one mark.
An example or religious context
will get you the second mark.
.
a) Explain what a religious believer means by… (2)Slide5
Question spotting:-
Explain what religious believers mean by the term ‘just war
’.
A religious believer may explain that a war is ‘just’ when it is waged to either restore peace and justice or to protect the innocent. Many say that WWII is an example of a ‘just war’.
Explain what religious believers mean by ‘medical ethics’.
By ‘medical ethics’ religious believers mean the moral principles that affect medical practice. They may say that those working in the field of medicine, such as Doctors, have a duty to do good and not do harm.
a) Explain what religious believer means by ‘
pilgrimage’.
By ‘pilgrimage’ a religious believer would mean an
outward physical journey
of
discovery
which mirrors an
inward spiritual journey
in search of
meaning (Truth or enlightenment, some would say ‘God’). a) Explain what religious believers mean by ‘authority ’.By ‘authority’ a religious believer means the someone or something which has right or power over another. Roman Catholics place authority in the teaching and Tradition of the Church, while Protestants place the authority of the Bible (sola scriptura).Slide6
(b)Explain how having a religious faith / religious belief might
influence someone’s attitude about...........(4) PE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………PE………………………………………………………………….........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
You can alternatively use
Point
Evidence Explain
Explore. To do this make sure you have the necessary supportive evidence to get all 4 marks.
The question does
NOT
require you to write from any particular religious
tradition. And…
You
can
only write
from a total
of 3 different religious traditions on any exam paper.Slide7
(b) Requires you to explain the teaching and what religious people DO as a result of it.
BELIEF
practice
e.g. Explain how a religious belief might influence
someone’s view on the Sanctity of Life. (4)
‘
You shall not Kill’
From the Decalogue (10 Commandments) of the Old Testament given by God through Moses.
Because the Roman Catholic Church states that the ‘potential to life’ begins at Conception.
Christians believe that ALL (human) life is precious
and Sacred
and a gift from God.Slide8
b) Explain how having a religious faith might influence view on ‘sanctity of life’.
Someone with a
religious belief may believe that all life
is precious and Sacred and a gift from God.(Link to Decalogue i.e. the Commandments not to Kill)
This would then influence their view on abortion, they may say…
It would also influence their view on…
Here you could say that
not all Christians hold an absolute view on the Sanctity of Life:-
As the ‘goal posts’ have moved in our ability to keep people alive far longer than could have once happened…
The important thing is
intent.Slide9
b) Explain how having a religious faith might influence someone’s attitude
about interfaith dialogue.
P
Many
Christian believe in ecumenism
.
E This
is the conviction that what
unites (Christians)
is far greater and more important than differences in interpretation of
scripture, another term for this is
‘catholic’
.
E
When
different religious traditions come together in the spirit of wholeness and unity things like interpretation of religious texts can then be explored and understood which overcomes difference (while not doing away with it). E Jesus taught that he had ‘flocks’ that we may know nothing about (‘in my Father’s house there are many rooms’), and St Paul came to see that ‘there is no ‘Greek and no Jew’ meaning that what unites people in truth is far greater are more inclusive than the interpretations of scripture we may hold, which if not understood can become a source of conflict rather than the means to harmony and unity.N.B. You could give an different answer which shows why some may not wish to enter into interfaith dialogue.Slide10
b) Explain how a religious believer might share their faith with others.
P Many
Christian believe in
evangelism
. This is the belief that they have a duty to share their faith with others.E Evangelism takes many forms but most common may be street preachers.
P.
Other Christians may not share their faith by what they say so much as by what they do such as those who help with Soup Kitchens and food sharing schemes.
E This may be based on Jesus parable of the sheep and the goats which states that it is our actions and not beliefs which ultimately matter.Slide11
b) Explain how having a religious faith
might influence a view on personal conviction.
P
By personal conviction someone with a religious faith may mean that while they can’t know and can’t see into the future, they act from a place of faith.
E Here faith means having ‘belief in things hoped for, evidence of things not seen’
which is about the living out of the beliefs and trusting in their authenticity.
E An example of someone who had a personal conviction is
Oscar Romero whose personal conviction led him to stand against a corrupt government in San
Salvador.
E
Romero said that for him it wasn’t enough to have a belief in
the
gospel but to walk the same path as his friend who was
murdered
standing up to injustice (as Jesus too had done).
Faith – a belief in things hoped for, the evidence of things unseen! Slide12
(d) Explain from two different religions the teaching about... (6)
Religious Tradition…Christianity PEEL………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Religious Tradition…Islam PEEL………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Roman Catholic
Church of England
-
Protestant Anglican
Evangelical
Non-Conformist
Quaker Methodist
A
d)
will allow you to explain the
difference
between official teaching and practice e.g. on the Sanctity of LifeSlide13
d) Explain from two
different religious traditions attitudes to euthanasia. (6)
Name of Religious Tradition: Christianity - Roman Catholic.
P The Roman Catholic Church believe in the
Sanctity of Life and so…
E They would support this view with evidence from the Bible…Decalogue
E
They may encourage people who are suffering and in pain to seek help from…
Name of religious Tradition
:
Christianity – Church of England.
P
Other Christians may say a person who is dying has the right to refuse…
E
They may also say that life is Sacred but they would not wish to prolong the suffering through use of… ‘
extraordinary’ means (don’t strive officiously to keep alive)E They may follow Jesus teaching… link to intent (to ‘love your neighbour as you love yourself’)Slide14
d) Explain from two
different religious traditions how people use sacred texts to make moral decisions
. (6)
Name
of Religious Tradition: Christianity The Bible is the Holy Book of Christians. However, the
supreme revelation of God to Christians is through the person of Jesus.
While All
refer to the Bible as the ‘word of
God’,
Christians
understand the Bible in
different ways
(literally being only one and maybe the least meaningful).
Law
(rules to follow). 10 Commandments. Exodus 20::1 -17. The purpose of which is aimed at showing what things are important in order to live a good life.Prophets can inspire. Individuals such as Mica who have made explicit what God requires ‘ seek justice, have compassion and walk humbly with God’.Revelation. Through prayer and contemplation Christian begin to discern the will of God through the Bible. Name of religious Tradition: IslamThe supreme revelation of Allah to Muslims is through the words of the Qur’an. The Qur’an is the revealed book i.e. it contains the words of God handed to humans.Imams have authority as religious leaders to help younger people understand and interpret the Qur’an (madrassah)Muslims believe that all who follow the teachings of the Qur’an known as the ‘straight path’ will to led to a life with Allah. Shari’ah law is based on the teachings of the Qur’an.Because Muslims find it hard to apply the Qur’an to their lives they sometimes turn to the Hadith (sayings and teachings of the prophet Muhammad) to help them make moral decisions.Slide15
d) Explain from two different religious traditions how believers might express
their faith through what they wear. (6)
Name
of Religious Tradition:
Christianity
Cross or crucifix. Symbols of belonging identify people as holding certain beliefs / convictions.
Salvation army uniform.
Vicars wear ‘dog collars’ which identify them as religious individuals.
ii)
Name
of religious Tradition
:
Islam
Teaching from the Qur'an that a woman must
‘veil their beauty’
.Taken literally they may cover their whole face.For many this is more about ‘modesty’ in dress and to be known for who they are which is more than the superficial ideas of what we look like.Need 3 from each!Slide16
d) Explain from two different religious traditions the attitudes to pacifism.(6)
Religious Tradition… Roman Catholic Church They believe that war is evil but that it might be a lesser evil in some circumstances (e.g. WWll)and so they are not pacifist.Pope Benedict
said that Christians have a moral duty to fight against evil (even if that sometimes means use of weapons and force) which does not limit action to non-violent protect.Jesus never condemned the soldiers and even commended one for his faith (Luke 7:1-10)
Religious Tradition… Quaker
Quakers are pacifist and do not believe in armed conflict. They engage the enemy through means of non-violent protestThey follow the teaching of Jesus ‘If anyone slaps you on your right cheek, offer him the other also’
(Luke 6:29). This is a non-violent way of standing up to the aggressor by challenging their thinking in a creative way to get them to consider their actions.A Quaker would help in war and may take up positions such as medical support or mechanics etc.Slide17
There are 5 questions in each section (a – e).
a) 2 marks b) 4 marks c) 4 marks
d) 6 marks e) 8 marks
How do I answer the questions ?Slide18
c) ‘ The purpose of punishment is retribution .’
Give two reasons why a religious believer might agree or disagree with this statement. (4)P
A religious believer, might disagree with this statement.
E They may say that a mind-set of ‘an eye for an eye’ will never end the cycle of violence.
E Jesus taught that we must go further and
‘love your enemies’ meaning work for their reformation
(and change in behaviour i.e. repentance) instead of seeking retaliation and revenge.
P
Other Christians may also
disagree
.
E
They may say that while those who break the law must make
reparation for what they have done there is nothing to be gained from mistaking justice as revenge. E. They may say that it’s better to make prisoners face what they have done and learn to take responsibility for their actions. E.g. through community service and programmes of restorative justice.Purposes of punishment:-ProtectionDeterrentRetributionReformReparationVindicationSlide19
(e)‘Religious beliefs can’t help people who are suffering.’Do you agree? Give reasons or evidence for your answer, showing that you have thought of more than one point of view. You
must include reference to religious beliefs in your answer.(8)It seems obvious that while beliefs alone can’t prevent suffering, they may well give religious believers the understanding and strength to deal with pain and suffering…
Christians have many beliefs to draw on which are linked to religious teachings and the Bible which can help them deal with suffering. For example
…
Job or
The Fall (or push to maturity) in Genesis.
Additionally Christians look to the life and death of
Jesus
to help them make sense of suffering…
It may well be that religious beliefs help some people to deal with suffering, but without knowledge of such beliefs it’s impossible for them to be of help and in a secular society it may be that such beliefs do little to help those who
suffer…not all suffering makes sense!
Both Christians and Muslims believe that it’s through such times of suffering that they grow in maturity and it helps them not only to deal with their own pain but teaches them care and compassion for all who suffer and are in distress.Slide20
(c) ‘ The views of doctors must always be followed’
Give two reasons why a religious believer might agree or disagree with this statement. (4)
P
A religious believer, might agree
with this statement. E They may say that Doctors are in the best position through their training to make decision of what is best for us based on the fact that the
Hippocratic Oath places emphasis on doing good and not harm. E
They may say that when we are ill (or those we love are ill) we’re not in a good position to make good decisions and Doctors can be
trusted to help us do this.
P
Other Christians may
disagree
.
E
They may say that we have been given
free will to make our own ethical decisions. E. Humans have the ability to act on what their conscience is showing them, even if this means going against the views of the medical profession.Slide21
(e)‘Abortion can never be justified.’Do you agree? Give reasons or evidence for your answer, showing that you have thought of more than one point of view. You must include reference to religious beliefs in your
answer.(8)Some would agree…Some would take an absolute view on the Sanctity of life.
Life begins at conception. Pro-Life view.
Abortion is wrong because it ends life.Some contraception eg the coil and the morning after pill are also discouraged as they would prevent a pregnancy from continuing or developing.
R. C Church would support this view. Link to ‘Do not Kill’.Disagree…Some take a more progressive view on the beginning of life…
The potential-to-life begins at conception (like an acorn is not yet an oak tree!).
Many within the Church of England would support a pro-life view but may consider abortion in rare circumstances such as a pregnancy brought about through rape.Others take a pro-choice view…
A woman has a choice of what happens to her own body. Unwanted or unplanned pregnancy may allow a woman to have an abortion.I think…
Most people are not pro-abortion but recognise that in some circumstances abortion may actually be the lest worst option e.g. …Slide22
c)‘You can worship God anywhere’.Give two reasons why a religious believer might agree or disagree with this statement. (4)
When asked by his disciples how to pray Jesus told them to go to your room and close the door and pray to your father ‘Our father…’.Prayer is about relationship between the individual and God which can be done anywhere.Some Churches don’t like their congregations to worship with those from other religious traditions.It might be important that people worship together which might mean a Church / Synagogue or mosque.Churches, Mosques and Synagogues have things which are conducive to worship e.g. a quiet place to worship ‘in the silence of our hearts’.
Worship is more than singing hymns and people worship God by doing his will
e.g… ACTIONSJesus said the day will come when you will not worship in that temple or that mountain but in spirit and truth.You don’t need to wait until you go to a place of worship before you give thanks! Worship is about having a heart of gratitude for life in all it’s abundance (John 10:10)
(e)‘You can worship God anywhere.’
Do you agree? Give reasons or evidence for your answer, showing that you have thought of more than one point of view. You must include reference to religious beliefs in your answer.(8)Slide23
c)‘Religious text should always be obeyed’.Give two reasons why a religious believer might agree or disagree with this statement. (4)
The Bible is understood by all Christians as the ‘Word of God’. To some this means they use it to look up answers to specific issues on moral / ethical issues. Others say it needs discernment to work out what to do e.g. Does ‘Do not kill’ mean you can’t act in self defence?Roman Catholics base much of their moral authority in the teachings of the Church. E.g. the Popes write ‘encyclicals’ or teachings on a range of issues e.g. Pope Frances ‘
Laudato Si' or Care
of our common home, is addressed to "every person living on this planet". Some Christians such as Protestant/ Evangelical place emphasis on
scripture over other forms of authority.Some say following your Conscience should come other forms of authority (Roman Catholic Cardinal Newman said this). However, of course your conscience may be no more than the voice of your early conditioning or authority figures!Muslims have the authority of the Qur'an which they say is the revealed word of Allah.
When questioned about the law (because he was ‘working’ on the Sabbath) Jesus said that the law was made for man and not man for the law. This means that he was against any blind adherence to the law and encouraged his followers to become moral agents by making informed decisions for themselves.
(e
)‘Religious text should always be obeyed.’
Do you agree? Give reasons or evidence for your answer, showing that you have thought of more than one point of view. You must include reference to religious beliefs in your answer.(8)Slide24
When someone tries to promote peace and goodwill at all times, it is called :Pacifism
ReconciliationA Quick Keyword Revision Quiz....
This is making up after a quarrel or dispute and working together again.Slide25
Something a person is expected to do because it is the accepted pattern of behaviour, part of the law or religious belief is : A Duty
A Law
Laws are written statements and rules that define acceptable behaviour expected of Communities.Slide26
When a person feels of value and capable of contributing to life, to the extent that life is free from undue pain, anxiety and stress it is called :Sanctity of Life
Quality of Life
This is the belief that (human) life is precious and Sacred and a gift (from God).Slide27
Someone who believes in God is called:Theist
Atheist(A person who is open to the possibility of God is an agnostic)
This is someone who does NOT believe there is a GodSlide28Slide29Slide30
Religion and Medicine
Conscience
Free willHippocratic oath
Quality of lifeSanctity of LifePro-life
Pro-choiceAssisted suicideIn vitro fertilisation (IVF)Euthanasia
Voluntary euthanasiaNon-voluntary euthanasia
The extent to which life is meaningful and pleasurable. A promise made by those who become Doctors to preserve life and do no harm to those in their care.
An innate moral sense which guides action and responses.The Christian idea that all life is precious and Holy and a gift from God.The belief that nothing is completely determined and human beings have to make their own decisions.
Providing help to someone in order for them to commit suicide.
Abortion is wrong in all circumstances and life is not ours to take.
A mother has the right to decide what to do with her own body, which may include the right to have an abortion.
Ending the life of an individual that has requested than they be helped to die.
From the Greek ‘good death’, this term refers to the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain or suffering.
Ending the life of another, without their prior consent, in order to end their pain and suffering.
The means through which an egg is fertilized by sperm in the laboratory.Slide31
Religion and Conflict
Conflict Inter-faith dialogueJust warNon-violent protestPacifismForgiveness
ReconciliationMoral evil
Natural evilGreater JihadLesser Jihad
The belief that any form of violence, or war, is unacceptable.Happens when two parties (or people) have fallen out, apologised, had their apology accepted and then made up again.
Is one whose intention is to protect the innocent and restore justice when it has been violated.Clashes, or breakdowns, between two groups or individuals.When groups with different religious beliefs enter into communication in a bid to learn more about the other and find some common ground.
Suffering cause by humans.This happens when refuses to let a crime, or some break of trust, stand in the way of them being allowed a new start. It clears the way for new beginnings.
Suffering that happens in the natural world.‘Non-violent direct action’ which demonstrates objection without causing harm to individuals or to property.The struggle to overcome the conflict we each have within our selves. To overcome temptation to do good.
The military struggle to defend Islam.Slide32
Additional model answers…Slide33
Question spotting:-
Explain what religious believers mean by ‘reconciliation ’.
A religious believer would understand this to be when harmony is brought to a situation following disagreement or discord. It usually require one
party (or both) to recognize the wrong-doing and apologize, the other party will then have to accept the apology before the parties can be reunited
.a
) Explain what religious believer means by ‘pilgrimage
’.By ‘pilgrimage’ a religious believer would mean an
outward physical journey
of
discovery
which mirrors an
inward spiritual journey
in search of
meaning
(Truth or enlightenment, some would say ‘God’).
Explain what religious believers mean by ‘medical ethics’.By ‘medical ethics’ religious believers mean the moral principles that affect medical practice. They may say that those working in the field of medicine, such as Doctors, have a duty to do good and not do harm. a) Explain what religious believers mean by ‘authority ’.By ‘authority’ a religious believer means the someone or something which has right or power over another. Roman Catholics place authority in the teaching and Tradition of the Church, while Protestants place the authority of the Bible (sola scriptura).Slide34
d) Explain from two different religious traditions how believers might express their faith through symbols in their place of worship. (6)
i) Name
of Religious Tradition:
Christianity
Icons –
people pray to God through
icons. These are ‘written’ to be read. FOCUS Orthodox Christianity.
Stained Glass windows
.
Remind people of the teachings and inspire worshippers.
Pulpit
.
A focus for the ‘Word of God’ through the sermon. FOCUS in Methodist Churches.
Crucifix
.
FOCUS Roman Catholic Church …God is with people in their pain and suffering. Cross. FOCUS Church of England - Evangelical. God, through Jesus, has pain the price of (our) Sin. Redemption.ii) Name of religious Tradition: IslamCalligraphy. Verses from the Qur’an written beautifully to inspire worship. No image of God is permitted in case it encourages idolatry (worship of the thing and not that which it points to).Mihrab. Is situated in the wall of the Mosque and shows the direction to prayer to Mecca (Makkah).Repeating patters… show
Allah is eternal (they don’t have a beginning and an end).
Prayer Mats
…
may be decorated with words from the Qur’an.
Need 3 from each!Slide35
e) ‘All people should go on pilgrimage
’ Do you agree? Give reasons or evidence for your answer showing you have thought of more than one point of view. You must include reference to religious beliefs in your answer. (8)
Can
start with an overview :-
The idea that life is more about having our material needs and wants met is common to every religious tradition, it therefore seems important that people take time out at some point to consider the meaning of life , and their place in it.
View 1.
Islam
not teaches that everyone should go on Pilgrimage at least one in their life. It is so important that Hajj is the 5th
Pillar of the Islamic tradition and upholds the faith of Muslims. Hajj gives Muslims the opportunity to stand back from their own lives and focus on their relationship before Allah. They seek forgiveness for Sin and renewal for their life ahead before they return to their lives in community.
Alternative view 2:-
Some may believe that pilgrimage is a waste of time, time which may be better spent on more constructive things like working for charity or helping those in need. The idea of going on pilgrimage, especially because you have to, they may argue would benefit no one.
A third view:-
Many
Christians
go on Pilgrimage. Roman Catholics may go to Lourdes where they find hope and inspiration to help them deal with the challenges of life. Pilgrimage hear is often associated with healings and is known as a place where miracles happen. This can be linked to Jesus teaching ‘go in peace your faith has made you well’ suggesting the link between outlook and wholeness or wellbeing.A personal view (using different supportive information):- Socrates said ‘An un-reflected life is not worth living’. This suggests that we need to become reflective participants in the life we live and not simply passengers who simply react (and overreact) to whatever happens to us but take some control of our own lives. Pilgrimage allows people the space and time to do this whether they find time out each day in contemplation and prayer to seek spiritual insight or enlightenment, or they go on an outward journey to the Holy Land or other place of religious significance.