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 Unit 2: Artificial Ventilation  Unit 2: Artificial Ventilation

Unit 2: Artificial Ventilation - PowerPoint Presentation

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Unit 2: Artificial Ventilation - PPT Presentation

Lesson 1 Ventilation 13 Demonstrate concepts and skills of the following in a clinicallab setting a Patient Positioning b Transfers and Ambulation including injury ID: 775490

ventilation lesson valve artificial ventilation lesson valve artificial mask air body systems respiratory including oxygen patient bag mouth tidal

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Slide1

Unit 2: Artificial Ventilation

Lesson 1: Ventilation

Slide2

13) Demonstrate concepts and skills of the following in a clinical/lab setting: a. Patient Positioning b. Transfers and Ambulation (including injury prevention and body mechanics) c. O2 Assessment and Administration (including fire safety) d. BLS (Basic Life Support)11) Outline the gross normal structure and function of all body systems and summarize appropriate medical text(s) in order to relate signs and symptoms of common diseases and disorders associated with each. c. cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Standard

Slide3

Lesson 1 – Ventilation

Ventilation - movement of air in and out of lungsOxygenation – getting oxygen molecules into bloodstreamNo ventilation = no oxygenation

Slide4

Lesson 1 – Ventilation

Adequate Ventilation: two ways to determine

Respiratory rate

Rate of breathing

Count breaths

Tidal volume

Depth of breathing

Deep/shallow/normal

Slide5

Lesson 1 – Ventilation

Minute VolumeAmount of air breathed in and out in one minuteDetermined by respiratory rate and tidal volume

Slide6

Lesson 1 – Ventilation

Dead Air Space

Area of lungs outside alveoli

Respiration does not take place

About 30 percent of air inhaled remains in dead air space

Slide7

Lesson 1 – Ventilation

Alveolar VentilationAmount of air breathed in one minute used for respirationCalculated using tidal volume, dead air space and respiratory rate

Slide8

Lesson 1 – Ventilation

Artificial Ventilation

Process of forcing air into patient’s lungs

Used if patient unable to ventilate

Used if ventilations inadequate

Slide9

Unit 2: Artificial Ventilation

Lesson 2: Artificial Ventilation

Slide10

13) Demonstrate concepts and skills of the following in a clinical/lab setting: a. Patient Positioning b. Transfers and Ambulation (including injury prevention and body mechanics) c. O2 Assessment and Administration (including fire safety) d. BLS (Basic Life Support)11) Outline the gross normal structure and function of all body systems and summarize appropriate medical text(s) in order to relate signs and symptoms of common diseases and disorders associated with each. c. cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Standard

Slide11

Lesson 2 – Artificial Ventilation

Artificial Ventilation

Process of forcing air into patient’s lungs

Also called

positive pressure ventilation

Used when:

patient unable to ventilate

ventilations inadequate

Patient must have a pulse

Slide12

Lesson 2 – Artificial Ventilation

Inadequate Ventilation indications:Abnormal respiratory rateInadequate tidal volumeLabored breathingAbnormal breathing soundsVaried depths of breathing

Slide13

Lesson 2 – Artificial Ventilation

Inadequate Oxygenation

Without ventilation, no oxygenation

Hypoxia

Indications of inadequate oxygenation

Slide14

Lesson 2 – Artificial Ventilation

Methods Mouth-to-maskBag-valve maskDemand-valveAutomatic transport ventilatorsFollow state guidelines

Slide15

Lesson 2 – Artificial Ventilation

Basic Considerations

Infection control precautions

Don’t use mouth-to-mouth unless no other means available

Airway must be clear and open

Mask must be sealed properly

Slide16

Lesson 2 – Artificial Ventilation

Effective VentilationsRate and tidal volume must be sufficient and steadyRateAdults 10-12/minPediatric 12-20/minTidal volumeChest should rise and fall

Slide17

Lesson 2 – Artificial Ventilation

Over-Ventilation

Rate too fast and/or tidal volume too high

May cause:

Hypotension

Gastric distention

Vomiting

Pneumothorax

Decreased blood flow during CPR

Ways to avoid over-ventilation

Slide18

Lesson 2 – Artificial Ventilation

Cardiac Output during Artificial VentilationNormal ventilation: negative pressureArtificial ventilation: positive pressureCardiac output decreasesBlood pressure decreases

Slide19

Unit 2: Artificial Ventilation

Lesson 3: Mouth-to-Mask Ventilation

Slide20

13) Demonstrate concepts and skills of the following in a clinical/lab setting: a. Patient Positioning b. Transfers and Ambulation (including injury prevention and body mechanics) c. O2 Assessment and Administration (including fire safety) d. BLS (Basic Life Support)11) Outline the gross normal structure and function of all body systems and summarize appropriate medical text(s) in order to relate signs and symptoms of common diseases and disorders associated with each. c. cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Standard

Slide21

Lesson 3 – Mouth-to-Mask Ventilation

Quickest and easiest way to begin artificial ventilationUses pocket mask

Slide22

Lesson 3 – Mouth-to-Mask Ventilation

The Pocket Mask features:

Effective infection control

One-way valve

Clear to see mouth and nose

Strap to go around head

Oxygen inlet

Various sizes

Slide23

Lesson 3 – Mouth-to-Mask Ventilation

Providing OxygenAmbient air about 21% oxygenExhaled air about 16% oxygenSupplemental oxygen:Oxygen tank may be used for up to 50% oxygenBag-valve methodDemand-valve method

Slide24

Lesson 3 – Mouth-to-Mask Ventilation

The E-C Method

Form airtight seal with mask

Finger placement

Also called

C&E method

or

C-clamp method

Slide25

Unit 2: Artificial Ventilation

Lesson 4: Bag-Valve Ventilation

Slide26

13) Demonstrate concepts and skills of the following in a clinical/lab setting: a. Patient Positioning b. Transfers and Ambulation (including injury prevention and body mechanics) c. O2 Assessment and Administration (including fire safety) d. BLS (Basic Life Support)11) Outline the gross normal structure and function of all body systems and summarize appropriate medical text(s) in order to relate signs and symptoms of common diseases and disorders associated with each. c. cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Standard

Slide27

Lesson 4 – Bag-Valve Mask Ventilation

Used for patients not breathing or breathing inadequately

Made of face mask attached to ventilation bag

When bag squeezed, air is forced into patient

Slide28

Lesson 4 – Bag-Valve Mask Ventilation

The Bag-Valve Mask features:Several sizes availableClear plasticNon-rebreather valveVentilation bag is self-refilling and several sizes availableTubing, inlet and reservoir can be attached to an oxygen source

Slide29

Lesson 4 – Bag-Valve Mask Ventilation

One and Two-Person Rescues

One-person method tiring and difficult

Two-person method is more efficient and preferred

Slide30

Lesson 4 – Bag-Valve Mask Ventilation

Bag-Valve Mask vs. Mouth-to-MaskMouth-to-MaskMore consistent tidal volumesPreferred when one-person rescueBag-Valve MaskBetter seal, higher levels of oxygen providedPreferred when two-person rescue

Slide31

Unit 2: Artificial Ventilation

Lesson 5: Cricoid Pressure

Slide32

13) Demonstrate concepts and skills of the following in a clinical/lab setting: a. Patient Positioning b. Transfers and Ambulation (including injury prevention and body mechanics) c. O2 Assessment and Administration (including fire safety) d. BLS (Basic Life Support)11) Outline the gross normal structure and function of all body systems and summarize appropriate medical text(s) in order to relate signs and symptoms of common diseases and disorders associated with each. c. cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Standard

Slide33

Lesson 5 – Cricoid Pressure

Cricoid PressurePressure applied to cricoid cartilageSellick ManeuverGuides air into trachea instead of esophagus

Slide34

Lesson 5 – Cricoid Pressure

The Cricoid Cartilage

Located between larynx and trachea

Blocks esophagus when pressed backward

Slide35

Lesson 5 – Cricoid Pressure

ConsiderationsShould only be applied to unresponsive patientsRequires use of an additional emergency providerShould prevent vomiting but be prepared

Slide36

Unit 2: Artificial Ventilation

Lesson 6: Demand-Valve Ventilation

Slide37

13) Demonstrate concepts and skills of the following in a clinical/lab setting: a. Patient Positioning b. Transfers and Ambulation (including injury prevention and body mechanics) c. O2 Assessment and Administration (including fire safety) d. BLS (Basic Life Support)11) Outline the gross normal structure and function of all body systems and summarize appropriate medical text(s) in order to relate signs and symptoms of common diseases and disorders associated with each. c. cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Standard

Slide38

Lesson 6 – Demand-Valve Ventilation

Only EMTs or higher level EMS providers can use100% oxygen delivered to patient through oxygen-powered valve and maskAlso called flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device (FROPVD)

Slide39

Lesson 6 – Demand-Valve Ventilation

Demand-Valve Concerns

Uses pressurized oxygen

Pressure might be too strong and cause:

Gastric distension

Barotrauma

Use with great care

Shouldn’t use on chest trauma or pediatric patients

Slide40

Lesson 6 – Demand-Valve Ventilation

Advantages:Can be done by one rescuerReduces fatigue to rescuerDelivers 100% oxygenIdeal for patients with pulmonary edemaDisadvantages:Can’t “feel” airImproper use may injureRequires oxygen sourceCan only be used on adults

Slide41

Lesson 6 – Demand-Valve Ventilation

Demand-Valve Device features:

Flow rate no greater than 100% at 40 LPM

Pressure relief valve

Alarm

On/off trigger conveniently positioned

Valve to release patient’s exhaled air

Slide42

Lesson 6 – Demand-Valve Ventilation

Alternate MethodsTwo-person methodCan be used for rescue breaths during CPR

Slide43

Unit 2: Artificial Ventilation

Lesson 7: Automatic Transport Ventilator

Slide44

13) Demonstrate concepts and skills of the following in a clinical/lab setting: a. Patient Positioning b. Transfers and Ambulation (including injury prevention and body mechanics) c. O2 Assessment and Administration (including fire safety) d. BLS (Basic Life Support)11) Outline the gross normal structure and function of all body systems and summarize appropriate medical text(s) in order to relate signs and symptoms of common diseases and disorders associated with each. c. cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Standard

Slide45

Lesson 7 – Automatic Transport Ventilator

Automatic Transport Ventilator (ATV)Automatically controls respiratory rate and tidal volumeOnly for EMTs and higher levels of EMS providersFollow state guidelines when using ATV

Slide46

Lesson 7 – Automatic Transport Ventilator

Features of ATVs

Small, lightweight, portable and durable

Able to deliver 100% oxygen

Able to connect to masks and endotracheal tubes

Adjustable respiratory rate and tidal volume

Slide47

Lesson 7 – Automatic Transport Ventilator

Select Respiratory Rate10 BPM for adults20 BPM for childrenSelect Tidal VolumeCalculate using patient’s estimated body weightStart at low end of rangeShouldn’t be raised above 800 ml

Slide48

Lesson 7 – Automatic Transport Ventilator

Advantages

Steady, controlled ventilation

Can be used by one rescuer

One rescuer can apply cricoid pressure if needed

Slide49

Lesson 7 – Automatic Transport Ventilator

DisadvantagesRescuer unable to “feel” ease of air entering lungsImproper use may cause injuryRequires oxygen sourceMust have backup method availableCan’t be used on children under 5