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Vietnam  Lecture Notes  The Vietnam Domino Vietnam  Lecture Notes  The Vietnam Domino

Vietnam Lecture Notes The Vietnam Domino - PowerPoint Presentation

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Vietnam Lecture Notes The Vietnam Domino - PPT Presentation

US replaced France as the supporter of South Vietnamese CIA installed Ngo Dinh Diem in South Vietnam Ho Chi Minh North Communist Catholic Diem alienated mostly Buddhist nation Viet Cong guerrillas began launching attacks in 1957 ID: 672283

vietnam war nixon watergate war vietnam watergate nixon president south troops cong 000 vietnamese began viet party 1972 soldiers johnson grew movement

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Slide1

Vietnam

Lecture Notes Slide2
Slide3

The Vietnam Domino

U.S. replaced France as the supporter of South Vietnamese

CIA installed Ngo Dinh Diem in South Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh (North- Communist)

Catholic Diem alienated mostly Buddhist nationViet Cong guerrillas began launching attacks in 1957 Slide4

Communist Uprising

Viet Cong were gaining strength in South Vietnam

U.S. increased number of weapons and advisers

Diem violently suppressed political opposition

protests movement grewSlide5

Johnson’s War

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

was passed after U.S. destroyer Maddox was “torpedoed” in August 1964

Gave the president power to wage undeclared warSlide6

Stalemate

Over 180,000 American troops were in Vietnam by the end of 1965

n

umber doubled in 1966

Vietcong used ambush (guerilla) tacticsAmerica used “search and destroy” tacticsnapalm and Agent OrangeNorth Vietnam sent supplies to the south by way of the Ho Chi Minh Trail

t

hrough Laos and CambodiaSlide7

Support in the U.S.

Before 1966, most Americans supported the war in Vietnam

Opposition: students, pacifists, and radical groups

TV described

U.S. successes and told upbeat stories about the courage and skill of American soldiers. As the war continued, however, television reports began to show more scenes of violence, suffering, and destruction—the human toll of the war.

C

redibility Gap

:

the

difference between the reality of the war and the Johnson administration’s portrayal of it.Slide8

Difficulties in Vietnam

War of attrition

:

military campaign designed to wear down the enemies strength. Eliminate enough troops to make the Viet-Cong stop fighting “Search and destroy” missions Body count became a measuring tool for US progress in the war. Slide9

Tet Offensive: January 31, 1968

85,000 Viet Cong soldiers

attacked cities, villages, military bases, and airfields.

US & South Vietnamese troops vs. Viet Cong

US “military victory” High enemy casualties Slide10

The Fallout: Tet Offensive

Before 1966, most Americans supported the war in Vietnam

Doves vs. Hawks

The Tet Offensive added to President Johnson’s

credibility gap.

The difference between the reality of the war and the Johnson administration’s portrayal of it.Slide11

A Shaken President

Johnson faced challenges from within the Democratic

Party

Vietnam

compromised “Great Society” gainsLBJ withdrew from

1968 presidential race. Slide12

A Divisive Election:1968

Richard Nixon nominated by Republicans

“secret plan” to end the war

a

ppealed to the “silent majority”George Wallace ran as a third-party candidatefiercely opposed racial integrationChicago riots hurt Humphrey’s campaign

Nixon winsSlide13

Beginning the Peace Talks

Vietnamization

:

The gradual removal of US troops.

South Vietnamese take more active role. Troop withdrawal begin in 1969 Slide14

Getting Out of Vietnam

Congress repealed the Gulf of Tonkin resolution in Dec. 1970

Invasion of Cambodia

Pentagon Papers

(1971)

Revealed that government had lied about the war

T

roop withdrawals accelerated

90,000 by early 1972Slide15

Stalemate and Cease-Fire

Cease-fire began on January 27, 1973

North Vietnamese troops remained in the south

Full-scale invasion began in March 1975

South Vietnam collapsed in April 1975Evacuation of U.S. embassy in SaigonSlide16

Legacy of the War

America’s longest and least successful

war

58,000 Americans

dead (300,000 wounded)Cost at least $150 billionMillions of Vietnamese soldiers died, countless civilian

deaths

Laos and Cambodia fell to

Communism

Soldiers returned wounded, scarred, and without appreciation Slide17

The Whitehouse Plumbers

After the release of the

Pentagon Papers

, the White House created a unit to ensure internal security.

This unit was called the Plumbers because they stopped leaks

.

These were the men who would orchestrate the break-in that would launch the Watergate

Scandal.

Howard Hunt

G. Gordon

Liddy

James McCord

Chuck ColsonSlide18

Nixon’s Personality Behind Closed Doors

Paranoid! Many believed the loss in the election of 1960 particularly increased this trait in him.

Highly regarded for his experience, but people were open about disliking and distrusting him

personally.

Calculating and Cold– willing to say anything to vanquish his enemy.Nixon believed in concentrating power in the executive branch of

government.Slide19

The Watergate Break-in

1972 polls showed Nixon slipping

The Plumbers turned their activities to political espionage.

On 17 June 1972, 5 men were arrested while attempting to bug the headquarters of the Democratic Party inside the Watergate building in Washington D.C.

One of the men arrested, James McCord, was the head of security for the Republican Party.

The Nixon campaign denied any involvement.Slide20

Despite the growing stain of Watergate, which had not yet reached the President

, Nixon won by the largest margin in history to that point.

The Election of 1972Slide21

Initial Aftermath

More than 30 government officials went to prison for their role in

Watergate.

Richard

Nixon was not one of them. In September 1974, President Gerald Ford gave Nixon a full pardon

.

Woodward and Bernstein won the Pulitzer Prize.

The identity of

Deepthroat

was kept secret until W. Mark Felt unmasked himself in 2005.

Ford announcing the pardonSlide22

Legacy of Watergate

Watergate proved to the American people and the world that the

President was NOT above the law

,

and that he would not be shielded by the Constitution. The most lasting legacy of Watergate was the

shift in the public perception and trust of the office of President

. This was especially compounded by the event directly following with the mistakes of

Vietnam.

The public trust will

never fully be restored

to the level that existed before the Vietnam/Watergate Era

.

This also marked the

absolute end of the

press’s protection of the office of President

. No event better shows this than the Clinton Scandal of the

90s.Slide23

Youth Culture and Counterculture

“Counterculture” grew out of the New Left movement

m

ass appeal, less substantive politically (“hippies”)

experimentation with drugs was commonHippies challenged social norms, critical of war/draft

Haight-Ashbury (San Francisco)Slide24

Cultural Revolution

Counterculture stressed

rejection of materialism, consumerism

c

ommunes (“families”)“Sexual revolution” reflected changing attitudesRoe v. Wade (1973) Gay rights movement grew

Stonewall Rebellion (1969)