PPT-Eicosanoids ( Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes) and Platelet Activating Factor

SUHAS AGEY Asst professor Dept of Pharmacology Hrpiper Shirpur Contents Introduction Chemistry biosynthesis COX pathways Prostaglandins Classification Pcological and patho role. Morey A. Blinder, M.D.. Associate Professor of Medicine. and Pathology & Immunology. Objectives. Coagulation factor disorders and treatment. Disorders of platelets and platelet transfusion. Adjunctive drug therapy for bleeding. Thrombocytes. Platelets (Thrombocytes). 2- 4 micromillimeters in diameter. 250,000 – 400,000 per microliter . (too few thrombocytopenia – too many thrombocytosis). Lifespan on average 6 – 10 days. Autoimmune (ITP). Childhood. Adult. Drug-induced. Heparin. Quinine, others. Immune complex (infection, etc). Alloimmune. Post-transfusion purpura. Neonatal purpura. ITP. Childhood ITP (most < 10 . Sulistyo. . Rini. , . MSc. Five Stages of . Hemostasis. Vessel spasm. Formation of the platelet plug. Blood coagulation or development of an insoluble fibrin . clot. Clot retraction . Clot dissolution . 1-vasoconstriction. (thromboxaneA2-Endotheline - . serotonine. ). 2-platelet plug. 3-fibrin formation. 4-fibrinolysis. Primary . hemosthasis. Primary . hemosthasis. : bleeding control by platelet aggregation. Dr. . Haitham. M. Al-. Wali. P. h. .D. Pharmacology. 22 February 2018. 1. PROSTAGLANDINS. The NSAIDs act by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins. Thus, an . understanding of . NSAIDs requires comprehension of the actions and . PGs, TXs, LTs). Objectives:. . Discover and distinguish relationships between . different types of eicosanoid molecules . (PGs, TXs, LTs). Gain knowledge of enzymes that create PGs . and TXs (COX-1 and -2). Hematology Oncology Fellow. Hemostasis. Process of blood clot formation at site of vessel injury. Response must be. Quick. Localized. Carefully regulated. Phases of hemostasis. Formation of platelet plug. that include:. prostaglandins, thromboxanes, . leukotrienes. , & related compounds. . . They are generated from . phospholipid. precursors. . They function primarily as hormone-like chemical signals between cells.. Eicosanoids. Several Classes of Signal Molecules:. . P. rosta. g. landins, Thromboxanes, Leukotrienes. Produced In Almost all Tissues. Wide Range of Responses. Local Hormones. Very Potent. Short Half Life . Alaraji. B.D.S.F.I.B.M.S. These are conditions that alter ability of blood vessels, platelet, and coagulation factors to maintain homeostasis. Inherited bleeding disorder are genetically transmitted while acquired bleeding disorders occur as the result of diseases that affect vascular wall integrity, platelets, coagulation factors, and drugs which cause bleeding, radiation, or chemotherapy for treatment of cancer also result in bleeding problems . . and . congestion. both. . refer. to an . increase. in . blood. volume . within. a . tissue. , . but. . have. . different. . underlying. . mechanisms. .. Hyperemia. . is. . an. . active. . . Platelet products, . volume . and expected . p. latelet . i. ncrement . Indications for platelet transfusions . Decision to transfuse should be based on both laboratory investigations and assessment of the clinical condition with careful consideration of risks & benefits. . Eicosanoids. Prof. Mamoun Ahram. Resources. This lecture. Lippincott’s Biochemistry, Ch. 17. Eicosanoid Metabolism: Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, Leukotrienes, and Lipoxins (. https://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/eicosanoid-metabolism-prostaglandins-thromboxanes-leukotrienes-and-lipoxins/.