PDF-(EBOOK)-Humans: from the beginning: From the first apes to the first cities

In just a few years our understanding of the human past has changed beyond recognition as new discoveries and advances in genetic techniques overturn longheld beliefs and make international newsDrawing upon expert literature and the latest research HUMANS FROM THE BEGINNING is a rigorous but accessible guide to the human story presenting an evenhanded account of events from the first apes to the rise of the first cities and civilisations Along the way we learn about the emergence of modern human behaviour prehistoric art early modern human migrations from Africa the peopling of the world and how farming and agriculture replaced huntergatheringFollowing its successful launch in 2014 HUMANS FROM THE BEGINNING has now been released in a second edition which has been substantially rewritten and brought fully up to date with the latest developmentsNew finds include evidence that apelike hominids made stone tools that smallbrained Homo naledi lived alongside Homo sapiens in Africa and that Neanderthals Denisovans and Homo sapiens all repeatedly interbred There is also expanded coverage of ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt with new chapters on the Mesolithic and later prehistory of Europe the Minoans and Mycenaeans and the Late Bronze Age collapse of Eastern Mediterranean civilisation Other topics such as Neanderthal symbolic behaviour and the origin of the IndoEuropean languages are reexamined in the light of the latest evidenceHumans from the beginning is written for the nonspecialist but it is sufficiently comprehensive and wellreferenced to serve as an ideal onestop text not only for undergraduate students but also for postgraduates researchers and other academics seeking to broaden their knowledge. Spirituality. Part 1. Christianity. Resist current modernity . (where postmodernism has led). Fundamentalism . Challenge the current modernity. Re-articulate but maintain orthodoxy. Adaptation / Acquiescence. Thinking Questions. Did humans evolve from apes? . http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/educators/teachstuds/svideos.html. Are non-human primates portrayed accurately in media (TV, . T. arzan, Planet of the Apes, King . Darwin realized that if those long beaked finches ended up on the nut island, and only two survived because their beaks were a little stronger, than they would probably mate with each other, since all the other finches were dead! . Next Steps after Early Beginnings. Farming to Cities. 1. 2. Farming: A Giant Step. most of time humans fed themselves gathering wild plants / hunting wild animals. by 5000 years ago, people had begun farming in almost every part of world. Where did they come from?. How did they meet their basic needs for survival?. What kinds of developments did they make?. How did they express themselves?. How do we know the answers to these questions?. -Darwin (1871) . The Descent of Man. Mt-DNA Primate Tree. Our Living Sisters. Pan. Gorilla. http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/ha/a_tree.html. Living Asian Apes. Gibbon (. Hyalobates. ). Orangutan (. Constructive Response Questions. Describe what early humans were like and why they migrated out of Africa?. Trace the development of the Agricultural Revolution as well as its causes and effects.. What are we going to learn?. Over 6 million years . our ape-like ancestors evolved into upright walking, tool using and cultural modern humans, spreading out across the globe. There have been many different hominid species in the past, but only one – . The Pleistocene Epoch. The Dawn of Humans and the Effects of Climate on Civilizations. Major Concepts. Climatic changes produced distinctive flora and fauna that was adapted to cold weather. Among flora were the expansion of grasslands, tundra, boreal spruce forests, and hardwood forests. Human Migration & Beginning of Agriculture.  . Setting the Stage: Who are we? . Ev. idence suggests humans could be . much older. than originally thought. Scientists use . artifacts. to search for answers. Figure compares restriction fragments in humans and gorillas for two different enzmes.. Bands change due to point mutations in restriction sites.. A shift in both these patterns corresponds to a 95 bp deletion in Gorilla.. structured, clear, practical - Helping teachers unlock the power of NCS. KNOWLEDGE AREA: . Diversity, Change and Continuity. TOPIC 4.2:Human Evolution. Evidence of Common Ancestors for Living Hominids including Humans. For as long as humans have gathered in cities, those cities have had their shining—or shadowy—counterparts. Imaginary cities, potential cities, future cities, perfect cities. It is as if the city itself, its inescapable gritty reality and elbow-to-elbow nature, demands we call into being some alternative, yearned-for better place.   This book is about those cities. It’s neither a history of grand plans nor a literary exploration of the utopian impulse, but rather something different, hybrid, idiosyncratic. It’s a magpie’s book, full of characters and incidents and ideas drawn from cities real and imagined around the globe and throughout history. Thomas More’s allegorical island shares space with Soviet mega-planning Marco Polo links up with James Joyce’s meticulously imagined Dublin the medieval land of Cockaigne meets the hopeful future of Star Trek. With Darran Anderson as our guide, we find common themes and recurring dreams, tied to the seemingly ineluctable problems of our actual cities, of poverty and exclusion and waste and destruction. And that’s where Imaginary Cities becomes more than a mere—if ecstatically entertaining—intellectual exercise: for, as Anderson says, “If a city can be imagined into being, it can be re-imagined.” Every architect, philosopher, artist, writer, planner, or citizen who dreams up an imaginary city offers lessons for our real ones harnessing those flights of hopeful fancy can help us improve the streets where we live.   Though it shares DNA with books as disparate as Calvino’s Invisible Cities and Jane Jacobs’s Death and Life of Great American Cities, there’s no other book quite like Imaginary Cities. After reading it, you’ll walk the streets of your city—real or imagined—with fresh eyes.   Susan Thomas . GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS. Hands and feet. Fingers and toes. Shoulder and hip. Presence of clavicle. Improved vision. Arms that can rotate around shoulder joints.