Metals Ferrous Metals Non Ferrous Metals Iron Aluminum Low Carbon Steel Copper Medium Carbon Steel Brass High Carbon Steel Bronze Cast Iron Zinc Stainless Steel Lead Tool Steels Tin ID: 723366
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1
Classification
Metals can be divided into 2 groups
Metals
Ferrous Metals
Non- Ferrous Metals
Iron
Aluminum
Low Carbon Steel
Copper
Medium Carbon Steel
Brass
High Carbon Steel
Bronze
Cast Iron
Zinc
Stainless Steel
Lead
Tool Steels
Tin
Others
OthersSlide2
2Slide3
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Ferrous Metals - Iron and Steel
When carbon is added to pure
iron it becomes basic carbon steal.
If other elements such as
manganese, nickel, silicon, molybdenum etc. It becomes Alloy Steel
The amount of carbon will determine the hardness of the steel.
The carbon amount ranges from 0.1% to 4%.
Steel
Low
carbon steel (mild steel)
Medium carbon steel
High carbon steel (tool steels)
Cast iron
Alloy Steels
Stainless
steel
High speed steelSlide4
4
Low Carbon
Steel mild steel0.05
% -0.32% carbonTough, ductile and malleable, Easily joined and welded, Poor resistance to corrosionOften used a general purpose materialNails, screws, car bodies, Structural Steel used in the construction industry
Medium Carbon Steel
0.35
% - 0.5% of carbon
Offer
more strength and
hardness
BUT
less
ductile and malleable
Structural
steel, rails and
light tools
High Carbon Steel
‘
tool steel’0.55%-1.5% carbon Very hard but offers Higher Strength Less ductile and less malleabletools (chisels, punches)Saw blades
Cast Iron
2
%-4% of carbon
Very
hard and brittle
Strong
under compression
Suitable
for
casting. Does not
warp easy.
Engine block,
machine
parts, pansSlide5
Stainless Steel
Steel alloyed with chromium (18%), nickel (8%), magnesium (8%)
Hard and toughCorrosion resistanceComes in different gradesSinks, cooking utensils, surgical instrumentsSlide6
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Stainless Steels
Main types:
Ferritic chromium: relatively weak;used in architectural trim, kitchen range hoods, decorations, utensils Grades 409, 430, and other 400 Austentitic nickel-chromium: non-magnetic, can weld, relatively weak; used in architectural products, such as fascias, curtain walls, storefronts, doors & windows, railings; chemical processing, food utensils, kitchen applications. series. Grades 301, 302, 303, 304, 316, and other 300 series.Slide7
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Martensitic chromium:
High strength, hardness, resistance to abrasion; used in turbine parts, bearings, knives, cutlery and generally Magnetic. Grades 17-4, 410, 416, 420, 440 and other 400 series
Maraging (super alloys): High strength, high Temperature alloy used in structural applications, aircraft components and are generally magnetic. Alloys containing around 18% Nickel. Slide8
Classification/standards organizationsSAE – society of automotive engineersAISI – American iron and steel instituteASTM -American Society for Testing and MaterialsASM - American Society for MetalsISO- International Organization for StandardizationThese organizations set standards for sizes, shapes and production of metals both in the US and internationally. Each organization has a different numbering system that can be confusing. These Steel Designation Systems can be found in charts on the internet usually from the manufacturer of the metal. They are also at the website of the specific organization. Both AISI and SAE use a compatible numbering system which may or not correlate with the ISO or ASTM. In other words you have to compare apples to apples when using multiple systems. AISI and SAE are metals used in the car industry or for machines but they also have structural steel.Generally for most construction kinds of metal we use the ASTM systems in the US.
AISI-SAE Standard
ASTM StandardSlide9
Carbon steelsA36 - structural shapes and plateA53 - structural pipe and tubingA500 - structural pipe and tubingA501 - structural pipe and tubingA529 - structural shapes and plateHigh strength low alloy
steels
A441 - structural shapes and platesA572 - structural shapes and platesA618 - structural pipe and tubingA992 - Possible applications are W or S I-Beams.A913 - Quenched and Self Tempered (QST) W shapesA270 - structural shapes and platesCorrosion resistant high strength low alloy steels
A243 - structural shapes and platesA588 - structural shapes and platesitems.ASTM Standard Mild (low-carbon) steel
10 18
.18% carbon contentSlide10
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