1 Classification Metals can be divided into 2 groups - PowerPoint Presentation

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Classification

Metals can be divided into 2 groups

Metals

Ferrous Metals

Non- Ferrous Metals

Iron

Aluminum

Low Carbon Steel

Copper

Medium Carbon Steel

Brass

High Carbon Steel

Bronze

Cast Iron

Zinc

Stainless Steel

Lead

Tool Steels

Tin

Others

OthersSlide2

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Ferrous Metals - Iron and Steel

When carbon is added to pure

iron it becomes basic carbon steal.

If other elements such as

manganese, nickel, silicon, molybdenum etc. It becomes Alloy Steel

The amount of carbon will determine the hardness of the steel.

The carbon amount ranges from 0.1% to 4%.

Steel

Low

carbon steel (mild steel)

Medium carbon steel

High carbon steel (tool steels)

Cast iron

Alloy Steels

Stainless

steel

High speed steelSlide4

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Low Carbon

Steel mild steel0.05

% -0.32% carbonTough, ductile and malleable, Easily joined and welded, Poor resistance to corrosionOften used a general purpose materialNails, screws, car bodies, Structural Steel used in the construction industry

Medium Carbon Steel

0.35

% - 0.5% of carbon

Offer

more strength and

hardness

BUT

less

ductile and malleable

Structural

steel, rails and

light tools

High Carbon Steel

‘

tool steel’0.55%-1.5% carbon Very hard but offers Higher Strength Less ductile and less malleabletools (chisels, punches)Saw blades

Cast Iron

2

%-4% of carbon

Very

hard and brittle

Strong

under compression

Suitable

for

casting. Does not

warp easy.

Engine block,

machine

parts, pansSlide5

Stainless Steel

Steel alloyed with chromium (18%), nickel (8%), magnesium (8%)

Hard and toughCorrosion resistanceComes in different gradesSinks, cooking utensils, surgical instrumentsSlide6

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Stainless Steels

Main types:

Ferritic chromium: relatively weak;used in architectural trim, kitchen range hoods, decorations, utensils Grades 409, 430, and other 400 Austentitic nickel-chromium: non-magnetic, can weld, relatively weak; used in architectural products, such as fascias, curtain walls, storefronts, doors & windows, railings; chemical processing, food utensils, kitchen applications. series. Grades 301, 302, 303, 304, 316, and other 300 series.Slide7

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Martensitic chromium:

High strength, hardness, resistance to abrasion; used in turbine parts, bearings, knives, cutlery and generally Magnetic. Grades 17-4, 410, 416, 420, 440 and other 400 series

Maraging (super alloys): High strength, high Temperature alloy used in structural applications, aircraft components and are generally magnetic. Alloys containing around 18% Nickel. Slide8

Classification/standards organizationsSAE – society of automotive engineersAISI – American iron and steel instituteASTM -American Society for Testing and MaterialsASM - American Society for MetalsISO- International Organization for StandardizationThese organizations set standards for sizes, shapes and production of metals both in the US and internationally. Each organization has a different numbering system that can be confusing. These Steel Designation Systems can be found in charts on the internet usually from the manufacturer of the metal. They are also at the website of the specific organization. Both AISI and SAE use a compatible numbering system which may or not correlate with the ISO or ASTM. In other words you have to compare apples to apples when using multiple systems. AISI and SAE are metals used in the car industry or for machines but they also have structural steel.Generally for most construction kinds of metal we use the ASTM systems in the US.

AISI-SAE Standard

ASTM StandardSlide9

Carbon steelsA36 - structural shapes and plateA53 - structural pipe and tubingA500 - structural pipe and tubingA501 - structural pipe and tubingA529 - structural shapes and plateHigh strength low alloy

steels

A441 - structural shapes and platesA572 - structural shapes and platesA618 - structural pipe and tubingA992 - Possible applications are W or S I-Beams.A913 - Quenched and Self Tempered (QST) W shapesA270 - structural shapes and platesCorrosion resistant high strength low alloy steels

A243 - structural shapes and platesA588 - structural shapes and platesitems.ASTM Standard Mild (low-carbon) steel

10 18

.18% carbon contentSlide10

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