of the future Francesc Robusté CENIT BarcelonaTech Sustainable safe and efficient urban mobility intelligent If its costefficient Seamless doortodoor mobility City is a generic concept ID: 193444
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Slide1
Moving towards the livable cityof the future
Francesc
Robusté
CENIT -
BarcelonaTechSlide2
Sustainable, safe and efficient urban mobility (“intelligent”? If it’s cost/efficient)Seamless door-to-door mobility“City” is a generic concept
Mayors will likely welcome EU policy on pricing and regulation
Promote and disseminate/share best cases
Common mobility principles for European cities
World map where distance = $cost
E
conomic corridors: distortion of physical territory
Economic territorySlide3
Democratization of the streetHuman / convivial citiesDiversityIntegrationSystems approachTechnology (when is useful
)
Wifi
= one more utility
Still basic constraints: water, energy, emissions, health, safety and security, etc.
European cities as a social project of integration
Integration:
a social project
Ildefons
Cerdà
“Network Urbanism”
Old concepts
New concepts
Functionalism
Sustainability
Diffuse city (urban sprawl)
Compact city
Specialization of land uses
Multifunctional city
Direct costs of operation
Ecological accounting
Pendulous mobility (commuting)
Cloud-shaped mobility
Required (household-based) mobility
Daily mobility
Transport policy
Mobility policy and right to accessibility
Long distance
Proximity
Longitudinal use of the street
Cross-street use
Mutation in urban mobility
Infrastructures
services
Objects
processes
Static dynamicRecurrence (commuter, HBM) singularityEvent common
“The city of the future…”
i
s
the Mediterranean
city!Slide4
What’s the future of urban mobility?
What will probably be NOT the future….
Europe, quo
vadis
?Slide5
European cities for the people
WALK
TRANSIT
CAR
Livable, convivial and efficient cities
Collective taxicabs and microbuses
Carsharing and shared vehicles
Unmanned vehiclesSlide6
ICT is strategic for Europe, but just operational in mobilityWe move atoms with energy, electrons and photons
Bangemann
Report
“Europe and the global information society” (Corfu,
1994
)
% system
imple-menta-tion
Time
Strategic
Operational
Tactical
Civil
Industrial
ICT
ITS, smart cities
…
but
do
we have
brains?
time
Telematics
in all TERN in 2000 and in 30 metropolitan areas
”
The end of distance
”. 10
million
teleworks
in 2000
=
?
=
?Slide7
Oops! Forgot the stakeholders’ behavior!Administration, operators, users, citizens
HOV
N-VI
Madrid
Behavioral, economic and operational issuesSlide8
Re-engineering and systems approachNo epic/bold changes? Re-engineering is radikal!
Innovation is doing things “
right
”
Intelligence ITS = R+D+i,
multidisciplinary cross-fertilizationKnown concepts (functional laws, Economy principles)
with “new chemistry” (reactives + catalyzers) & boosted with ICT and
intelligenceTowards a functional & multi-stakeholder approach to urban mobility
Re-
enginering
urban mobilitySlide9
Mode promiscuity and convergence (1)
pedestrian
bicycle
car
motorcycle
taxi
bus
LRT
metro
commuter
rail
Eco-
mobility
PV
Transit
Rail
shared / public
“
BiCiNg
”
carsharing
BRT
HOV
The extreme converge
Barcelona, 2008
São Paulo, 2007
LGBT
citySlide10
Personalization vs “coolness”
Montpellier
Lyon
Dublin
Paris
Can mobility define us?
Barcelona
“Cool!”
danger:
TOTO:
human
b
iogasSlide11
Mode promiscuity and convergence
(2)Slide12
Mode promiscuity and convergence
(3)Slide13
Economic principles (1)
Bus
Tramway
Metro
PV
Demand
AC
Demand
AC
MC
TC
AC PT
AC
PC
€/
q(PT)
€/
q(PC)
q(PC)
q(PT)
D to CBD
Land
price
Tr
. cost
Business
Poor
RichSlide14
Economic principles (2)
Arthur C.
Pigou
(1912)
Social
equilibrium flow
Current
equilibrium
Flow
(veh/h)
Marginal
income
(
demand
)
Marginal (social
)
cost
Average
cost
(
users
)
Tax
Effect
Unit cost (€/km)
William S.
Vickrey
(1969)
Nobel
Prize
Economics 1996Principles of Efficient Congestion PricingSlide15
Economic principles (3)
Singapur (1975)
London
(2003)
Stockholm
(2006
)
Milano
(
2008)
Carlos F.
Daganzo
(1995)
0
Restrictions
Pricing
1
Mix
Bogotá (1998)Slide16
Public transport interchanges and “city hubs”Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More q
uality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloadingTele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc.
Recipes for Sustainable Urban Mobility…
… and “real” planning as opposed to “false” planning:Slide17
ConcentrationDensitySelf-restraintAnisotropyFunctional designFlows and urban servicesNetworks
City planning and economic territory
Pedestrian “islands”
:
they “work” when the economic flow is maintained
(exchange of car flow by people flow to maintain the money flow)
Integration
vs seggregation
The
city as a “large building” converges towards “zoning”.... Ildefons Cerdà´s Eixample in Barcelona = social integration project
City planningSlide18
Eco-mobilitySlide19
Netbus : Reinvention and promotion of efficient bus services, competitive with tramways, cars and even metro
Strategic vs. operational decisions
Flexibility of buses vs. rigidity of railways
Energy: hybrid, gas,
KAIST, etc.
NB
Public Transport - Transit
NB
B
b
T
M
R
tSlide20
Managed lanesTraffic congestion regulationCongestion pricingEmissions (CO2, PM, NOx)Urban safety
“Cities can regulate congestion with traffic lights of the XXI century”
“Ring roads and roundabouts can reach gridlock state independently of the flow”
“A Pareto optimal policy is a mix of charging and rationing”
Value pricing
(
Pigou
, Vickrey)
Speed has a price
(economic, social, environmental)
TrafficSlide21
European Parliament: Future?Slide22
What will likely be In and Out in European cities (2050 scenario)IN
Pedestrians
Bicycles,
eBicycles,
eBikes
Buses, netbus, proximity buseCars,
eFreight distribution
Carpool and shared vehiclesManaged lanes, VVI,
IVI, unmanned drivingPricing and fare integration
Planning, land price, legislation, governance…Elderly, handicapped & MRPUrban safety
OUT
Segways
Kickbicycles
, tricycles
Motorcycles with 3 wheels
Lean cars
PRT, AGT, monorails
Tramways (electric BRTs)
Trolley buses
Paratransit
with buses
AMW moving walkways
Freight in tramways/ metros
Speed
“In” and “Outs” for
the futureSlide23
“Barcelona model” of mobility:
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan
perspective
Conclusions (1)Slide24
“Package of soft management measures” in urban transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to hard physical infrastructures of “technology driven innovations”Service management (TSM) and shared vehicles and infrastructures Re-engineering
of current mobility
services (
netbus
, MFD, etc.)
Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior: the livable and convivial city (social “deal” and consensus)
Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
Emissions and
energy issues will improve but urban
safety and congestion will remainMajor concerns and constraints remain about water, energy and climate change
Need “
functional” laws and governance
in mobility
European policy and guidelines
regardless of
subsidiarity
Conclusions
(2)Slide25
f.r
obuste@upc.edu
+34 93 4017104
Francesc
Robusté
Moving towards the livable
city of
the future
Director of C
ENIT (Center for Innovation in Transport, Barcelona) and Professor of Transportation at
BarcelonaTech
. President of the Spanish Transportation Engineering Association. Expert of World Bank, UN-Habitat, OECD-JTRC, etc. Has SCI publications in Transportation Science, Transportation Research A, B, C, and E,
Transportmetrica
, IEEE Transactions on ITS, Journal of Tr. Eng., Tr. Res. Record, etc.