The Early Years of the American Revolution Two Sides Bitterly Divided Patriots want independence Loyalist supportloyal to England and the King Two Sides Bitterly Divided Advantages ID: 459863
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Slide1
The American RevolutionSlide2
The Early Years of the American RevolutionSlide3
Two Sides: Bitterly Divided
Patriots:
want independence
Loyalist:
support/loyal to England and the King
Slide4
Two Sides: Bitterly Divided
Advantages
of the Patriots
Disadvantages
of the Patriots
Home field
advantage
No regular army or
Navy
Very determined…want freedom
Soldiers
have no experience
England hire
mercenaries who were not “invested” in the war
Did not have
a lot of weapons
George Washington
Mostly Militia: volunteers
Not everyone in
the colonies supports warSlide5
Two Sides: Bitterly Divided
People to know:
George Washington:
Commander/head of the Patriot forces
General William Howe:
British Commander/head of British Forces
General Horatio Gates:
American/2
nd
in commandSlide6
Two Sides: Bitterly Divided
People to know:
Nathan Hale:
Patriot: Spy who was captured and killed…regret that I have but one life to give for my country
General Benedict Arnold:
American General….will sell out to the British…TRAITOR
Hessians:
German mercenaries hired by British
General Charles Cornwallis:
British General…ruthless…despised militiaSlide7
Two Sides: Bitterly Divided
People to know:
General John Burgoyne:
British General who would bring troops from Canada
General Henry Clinton:
British General who will take over as head of British troops after Howe resignsSlide8
Fighting the War
Battle for Long Island
(Summer-Fall 1776)
British knew they needed a decisive victory
England has
32,000 troops
under the control of
General Howe
Americans have
20,000 troops
under the command of
General
George Washington
George
Washington and his troops put up a strong fight
Nathan hale was caught by British and hangedSlide9
Fighting the War
Battle for Long Island
(Summer-Fall 1776)
British outmanned and out maneuvered the Patriot troops
Continental Troops
(Patriots) run out of supplies
British Troops
easily win and now control New York
Big loss for the colonies…moral is low
Washington and his troops have to retreatSlide10
Fighting the War
Battle Of Trenton
(December 25 1776)
After losing New York, Washington has to retreat to Pennsylvania
Howe keeps his troops in New York and New Jersey
Washington was in Pennsylvania just across the Delaware River from the British Camp in Trenton, NJ
Washington’s Plan:
Surprise attack at TrentonSlide11
Fighting the War
Battle Of Trenton
(December 25-26 1776)
Washington had 2,400 troops
Hessians
were camping at Trenton with about
3,500 British troops
Washington and his troops crossed the icy Delaware River in the dark of Christmas night
British and Hessians were sleeping…caught off guard and unpreparedSlide12
Fighting the War
Battle Of Trenton
(December 25-26 1776)
Washington and his troops win easily
This also gives the Patriots a win in Princeton, New JerseySlide13
Fighting the War
British Capture Philadelphia
(Fall of 1777
)
British want to break the power of the Continental Congress…
They know they have to capture Philadelphia to do this
Howe and his troops(30,000) invade Philadelphia
Easily win, no Patriot Troops
Congress has to escape…scatter everywhereSlide14
Fighting the War
Battle of Saratoga
(October 7-171777
)
Continental Army needs a victory if they are going to gain allies from Europe
General Gates (10,000 troops)
and
General Burgoyne (8,000 troops)
would meet in Saratoga:
Burgoyne in trouble…low on troops and suppliesSlide15
Fighting the War
Battle of Saratoga
(October 7-171777
)
General Gates’ troops have Burgoyne surrounded
Burgoyne has no place to ago so he attacks
Gates and his troops easily beat Burgoyne…he has to
surrendor
King George and Parliament are mad! They force General Howe to resign and put General Henry Clinton in charge.Slide16
Fighting the War
Battle of Saratoga
(October 7-171777
)
Battle of Saratoga is a turning point for the Patriots.
Battle proves to Spain and France that the colonies could possibly beat England, so both countries decided to lend a hand.
This leads to the colonies gaining to important allies
(friends/supporters)
in their fight against EnglandSlide17
France and Spain Lend a Hand
France
Declares War against Britain in 1778
Promise to send money, troops, and supplies to help the Americans fight the British
Spain
Declares War against Britain in 1779
Promise to help Britain in the South near Georgia and FloridaSlide18
Winter at Valley Forge
The winter of 1777 brought a slowdown to the fighting
Howe and his troops were cozy in Philadelphia
Washington takes his troops to Valley Forge, Pennsylvania
Moral is low, men are feeling bad, not a good situationSlide19
Winter at Valley Forge
Conditions at Valley Forge:
Horrible….cold, snows constantly
Troops have almost no supplies, low food, bad medical care
No shoes….had to wrap their feet in bandages and socks
No shelter….have to build cabins Slide20
Winter at Valley Forge
Washington’s biggest problem:
Keeping the army together
People were dying from injury/illness/lack of food
Many soldiers began to desert (runaway)Slide21
Winter at Valley Forge
Spring of 1778:
Army survived the winter at Valley forge
Many new recruits came to join the fight
Army got news of the alliance with France which brought about a new fighting spirit
Washington knew his troops still needed a lot of help and decided to do some major training with his time left at Valley ForgeSlide22
Winter at Valley Forge
Training at Valley Forge:
Marquis de Lafayette:
From France
Valuable aid to Washington
Helped plan strategy
Friedrich Von Steuben:
Former officer in Prussian Army
Drilled the troops taught them discipline
Marching and working togetherSlide23
Winter at Valley Forge
Training at Valley Forge:
Casimir
Pulaski:
From Poland
Trained the Calvary
Taught army to fight on horseback
Juan de
Miralles
:
From Spain
Got countries like Cuba, and Mexico to send money to the coloniesSlide24
Winter at Valley Forge
Result of Valley Forge:
Troops refreshed
Lean mean American fighting machineSlide25
The War Moves West and SouthSlide26
Native Americans Help the British
Native Americans join the war:
Fought/supported the British
Believed the British would win
Helped British attack American settlements along the western border of the coloniesSlide27
The Battle of Vincennes
Vincennes: (July 1778-February 1779)
American Troops: 175 led by George Rogers Clark
British Troops: Commanded by Henry Hamilton(250-350)Slide28
Glory at SeaSlide29
John Paul Jones and the American Navy
British Blockade:
British organized a blockade of American Harbors
Blockade: block ships from entering or leaving
Congress began using privateers to attack
british
ships
Privateers: private ships that have weaponsSlide30
John Paul Jones and the American Navy
John Paul Jones: (Father of the Navy)
American naval officer
Raided and attacked British ports