The Baroque Era: Ch 3, 10 - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

The Baroque Era: Ch 3, 10

Concerto

Ritornello Form

Bach Brandenburg Concerto No. 5

Vivaldi, Concerto for Violin and Orchestra (“Spring”)

SELF-GUIDED STUDYSlide2

Concerto

Orchestra (aka

tutti

)

15-25 strings + harpsichordlouder dynamicssimpler music

vs

Soloist(s)

1 to 5 playersmay feature woodwinds, brasssofter dynamicstechnical, virtuosic

Concerto

combines

2 highly contrasting groups:

Most concertos have 3 or 4

movements

.Slide3

Movement 1

fast, energetic

Ritornello form

(always)Slide4

Ritornello Form

Ritornello

sections

played by

tuttireturning theme or part of it UnitySolo sections

played by soloist(s)New melody (ies) in each Solo section ContrastContrast

R

1

S

1

R

2

S

2

R

3

S

3

R

4

S4 etc RX

U

U

U

U

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

Time

0:00

Time

?:??Slide5

Listening Preparation

R

1

R

2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8

R

9_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ _____

Connect Kamien

1.

Ritornello

theme (R) has two identification components:

melodic

contour

double tone

motive

Some R sections use both

the

melodic

contour and

motive;

others employ

only

the motive

.

Listen to each R section using Connect

Kamien

and indicate on the lines below what identifies

it. NOTE:

Kamien

uses “

Tutti

” to refer to “Ritornello”.Slide6

Listening Preparation

1

2

3

4

56

Some Solo sections include bits of the Ritornello theme in the background or as a brief part of the solo melody. Which of these excerpts do this?

When you have mastered this and the previous slide, you are ready to listen to the entire movement.Slide7

Bach

Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D

Maj

,

Mvt. 1Concerto GrossoI=ritornello formsoloists=flute, violin, harpsichordlong harpsichord cadenzaa technical “tour de force”much drive toward final ritornelloSummery

Connect Kamien

VLC—hasten audio -0.500s Slide8

R

1

R

2

R3 = UnityR S R = ContrastS

1 S2 S3 = ContrastRitornello ReviewSlide9

VivaldiConcerto for Violin & Orchestra, Op. 8, No. 1, (Spring from the Four Seasons ), Mvt. 1

Concerto

I=

Ritornello form

Program musicSummery

Connect KamienSlide10

Listen to movement 1 of Vivaldi’s Violin Concerto. using Connect

Kamien

, my formal analysis (next slide) and the

Kamien

text.1. Can you identify each recurrence of R?2. Who is supposed to play in a ritornello form’s S sections?3. Who plays in Vivaldi’s S1 S2 S4 sections? (Check the book!!) 4. Do you agree that Vivaldi is “breaking” ritornello formal rules?5. Explain how S1 and S4 can produce both contrast and unity.

6. Compare and contrast the Vivaldi and Bach movements: How many formal sections in each movement? Which movement’s structure is more consistent with ritornello form? Which is longer? Which has the greater energy? (This is somewhat subjective.7. What is “program music”? Use Kamien or VA Tech Music Dictionary8. Why is the “Spring” Concerto said to be programmatic?Self-Guided ListeningSlide11

Ritornello form

R

1

S1 R2 S2

R3 S3 R4 S4 R5 S5

R

6

Song

birds

Murmuring

streams

Thunder,

lightning

Song

birds

Vivaldi’s Concerto, Mvt 1

Connect KamienSlide12

Vivaldi wrote >450 concertos for strings, woodwinds, and brasses. Why did he and his contemporaries write so much music?

Google “Stradivari” and/or “Stradivari violin” and scan several items to get an idea of Stradivari’s life span, work, and place in the history of violin making. Describe the quality of string instruments made in Italy during Vivaldi’s life.

Vivaldi wrote more than 300 concertos for strings (>230 for violin). Vivaldi and the string instrument makers, Stradivari, Amati, Guarnerius were nearly contemporaries. See a connection?

Remember program music?

In what musical era or century is program music particularly popular?Can you cite elements of Vivaldi’s Violin Concerto that make it programmatic?Does Vivaldi compose at the beginning, middle, or end of the Baroque era? When did Vivaldi compose his “Spring” concerto? As musical eras draw to a close it is common for composers to experiment and innovate. Might this phenomenon have influenced Vivaldi?

What, then, is Vivaldi’s role in the development of music?Self-Guided Listening: Use Baroque era overview notes, Kamien, the internet, and Connect Kamien to make observations about Vivaldi and his Violin Concerto.