Theme 2 Society in transition, - PowerPoint Presentation

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Theme 2Society in transition, 1918-1979Slide2

TaskThe following slides provide you with some key points to consider

Build on these points using your class notes and the core textbook

Complete essay questions for this theme. You can find a list on www.shenfieldlearning.comSlide3

Class and Social ValuesSlide4

Factors which had an impact on the class system, 1918-1979WW1 (Trench warfare, Generals)

Great DepressionConsumerism (1920s, 1950s, advertising)

WW2 (Evacuation, rationing, the Blitz Spirit)Media (Satire boom, British New Wave, Televsion, Cinema)PM scandals (1920s, 1960s)Attitudes (Emergence of a Liberal Society, attitudes towards sex and relationships, Mary Whitehouse, NVALA, Lord Langford)Government Legislation (Sexual Offences Act, Obscene Publications Act) Consider the extent of change over time (1918-1979)Slide5

The changing role and status of womenSlide6

1920s1918 Representation of the People Act1928 Representation of the People Act

Women in employment dropped after WW1Most working women worked in serviceGrowth in clerical work led to growth in consumerism. Women could be single

Some women started working in light manufacturingUnequal paySome universities started to accept women1919 Sex Disqualification Removal Act – women can enter the civil service professionMarriage bar existedWomen expected to stay at home1921 first birth control clinic in London then more spread across the country. 1927 the Labour Party wanted to ban funding these clinicsFlapper girlsSlide7

1930sMarriage bar existedWomen expected to stay at home

15 women MPs in 1931 but faced restrictionsLabour party attracted most womenWorking class women impacted by the Great Depression. Greater freedoms for Middle-Class women

1937 Matrimonial Causes Act. Divorce was possible no matter who had been unfaithful. Opposed by the Catholic Church, supported by the public. Link to the 1936 abdication crisis1930:clinics were allowed to advise mothers about second pregnancies if it would damage their health. Church of England allowed birth control. Contraception advice allowed to married couples. Advice not given to working class women who were not covered by National Health InsuranceSlide8

1940sIncreased employment which led to better pay and new skills. They had oversees postings and increased importanceBeing split up during the war meant that many women were happy to return to the home

1944 the marriage bar starts to fade away, starting with teaching. However in the 40s and 50s some women wanted to give up work after marriage and older values remainedMoney was motivation for work in the 40s and 50s

1946 child benefit gave women control of money Slide9

1950sUnequal pay still prevalent1958 the civil service introduced equal pay but no government legislation1959 Labour put equal pay in their manifesto

50s, 60s and 70s there was prejudice in government. Thatcher became a minister for Finchley in 1959Growth of the consumer society meant some women wanted work

Advertising reinforced the housewife imageSlide10

1960s1965 the TUC said they would support equal pay1960 The Housebound Housewives Register1961 contraceptive pill1967 abortion decriminalisedSlide11

1970s1970 Equal Pay Act (had been needed if Britain were to join the EEC). Came into effect in 1975

1975 Sex Discrimination Act provided legal protection against discrimination. Tribunals were establishedPrejudice still existed1968 Dagenham strike

Second-wave feminism (women’s liberation):Equal payBirth controlObjectification of womenEnding a male dominated societyWomen’s liberation workshopMany women still saw their roles as wives and mothersWomen became mothers for the first time olderProtests against the Miss World Beauty contestTerrorist group, the Angry Brigade1970 ‘The Female Eunuch’ publishedRefuges for domestic violence1974 National Women’s Aid Federation. Campaigned for legislation against domestic violence1976 the Domestic Violence and Matrimonial Proceedings Act. Injunctions against violence partners1973 Rape crisis centre1975 abortion reduced to 20 weeksSlide12

Race and ImmigrationSlide13

ActDetailImpact

Alien Orders Act, 1920

Special Restrictions Act, 1925Commonwealth Immigration Act, 1962British Nationality Act, 1948Race Relations Act, 1965Commonwealth Immigration Act, 1968Race Relations Act, 1968The Immigration Act, 1971

Race Relations Act, 1976Slide14

1920sAfter the war there were attacks on people who were considered foreign by white British peopleUnions fought for the rights of white workersUnequal pay

Colour barThe Communist Party of Great Britain fought against racismSlide15

1930sRacist violence during the Great DepressionThe International African Services Bureau fought racismLeague of Coloured People fought for equal rights in educationSlide16

1940sMen from the colonies fought in WW2 or were employed in factoriesWW2 propaganda was discriminatoryAmerican army arrived in 1942 and segregated its troops

Mass migration after WW2 – due to labour shortageEducation was offered to ex-servicemen

Government publicly rejected racism but did not outlaw it 1948 SS WindrushSlide17

1950sGrowing economy meant their were more opportunitiesGrowth of the entertainment businessAttlee tried to discourage immigration

Letters were sent to MPs against immigrationColour Bar1958 Notting Hill RiotsSlide18

1960sPublic concern and the government blaming immigrants for crime led to restrictions on immigrationEmergence of Black PowerSlide19

1970sBlack Panthers1968 Enoch Powell gave his ‘Rivers of Blood’ speech. He was sacked1975 the Met Police tried to shut down the Notting Hill Carnival