What is Public Health? - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

What is Public Health? Ms. Samah Alageel

Community Health

CHS 212Slide2

Outline What is health?

What is community?

The definition of Public Health.

History of Public Health.

The importance of public health.

The difference between public health and clinical medicine.

Public Health approach.

Example for illustration. Slide3

Definition of healthHealth is defined by the WHO as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. Slide4

Definition of community Community could be seen in two different ways:

Community can refer to a usually small, social unit of any size that shares common values. The term can also refer to the national community or international community.

in biology, a community is a group of interacting living organisms sharing a populated environment.Slide5

What is public health?

http

://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

Bpu42LmLo4U

In your opinion, what is Public Health? Slide6

What is public health?

The

Acheson Report (1988) defines Public health

as: ‘The

science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized efforts of

society’.

“ Fulfilling society’s interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy”. (IOM,1988)Slide7

“You are only as healthy as the world around you”

Pubic Health

constitute

of multidiscipline:

epidemiology, biostatistics, environmental science, management science, behavioral

science… etc. Slide8

History of public health 500 BC-500 AD

Hippocrates (460 BC-380 BC) was the founder of Western medicine. He manifested an amazingly modern perspective in his treatise entitled On Airs, Waters, and Places that was published in the fifth century.Slide9

Cont.

The Middle Ages

(500-1500)

The Middle Ages were also known as "The Dark Ages”. Health problems were considered to have spiritual causes and solutions. Illness was considered to be the result of sin thus stigmatizing the victim. Most importantly, this failure to consider the role of the environment in health led to epidemics and the inability to control them.Slide10

Cont.

John

Graunt

The period saw an increased understanding of the need to collect qualitative data for the purpose of defining the state. The first solid use of data collection for the purpose of understanding health status came from John Graunt (1620-1674), the father of demography and descriptive epidemiology. By studying London death data for the previous 75 years, Graunt found certain predictability of mortality with respect to natural events and phenomenon. Slide11

Cont.

1700-18

Yellow Fever

In 1793, Philadelphia was the scene of one of the worst outbreaks. The city was the

capital

then and the epidemic forced the evacuation of many of most prominent citizens, including George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton.Slide12

Cont. 1800 – 1900

John Snow (1813-1858)

John Snow was the first to link the cholera epidemic in London to one particular water source—the Broad Street Pump. When the pump handle was removed the disease incidence drastically decreased. This was the birth of applied epidemiologySlide13

Cont. 1800 – 1900

The American Public Health Association

In 1872, the American Public Health Association was founded. APHA is now the oldest and largest organization of public health professionals in the world.Slide14

1900-2000

As a result of the acceptance and understanding of public health, several actions were taken in 1900-2000, such as:

Meat inspection.

Addressing childhood labor.

Family planning.

The discovery of Penicillin.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was established

The World Health Organization (WHO) was establishedSlide15

Cont. Water Fluoridation began in 1948.The first effective polio vaccine was developed.

The development of the first highly effective contraceptive pills.

A mysterious

epidemic was identified as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

In 1990, the Nutrition Labeling Education Act was signed into law.Slide16

Why Public Health is important toady?

Reviewing public health achievements in

USA:

Enhance life expectancy at

birth

(

47yrs in 1900 vs. 77

years

in 2000)

Reduce infant mortality rate

(110 per 1000 live births in 1900 vs. 7 in 2000)

Vaccination

Motor-vehicle safety

Control of infectious disease

Safer workplace

Decline deaths from heart diseases and

strokeSlide17

Why Public Health is important toady

? (Cont.)

Safer and healthier

foods.

Decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and

stroke.

Healthier mothers and

babies.

Family planning.

Fluoridation of drinking

water.

Recognition of tobacco use as a health

hazard

. Slide18

The difference between public health and clinical medicine:

Public

health

Medical care system

Targeted to: Population

health

Individual

health (sick)

1. Assessment: problem

identification for a group of individuals

1. Diagnosis

2. Assuring

necessary

interventions are put into place

2.

Treatment

3. Policy development: collectively deciding which intervention is the best for the problems identified.

3. Formulation treatment planSlide19

Public Health ApproachDefine the health problem.

Identify risk factors associated with the problem.

Develop and test community-level interventions to control or prevent the cause or the problem.Slide20

Cont. Implement interventions to improve the health of the population.

Monitor those interventions to assess their effectiveness.Slide21

Public Health Approach

Problem

Response

Surveillance:

What

is the

problem?

Risk Factor

Identification:

What is the

cause?

Intervention

Evaluation:

What

works?

Implementation:

How do you

do it?Slide22

Now its time to do it yourself…

According to Forbes, Saudi Arabia ranks 29 on a 2007 list of the fattest countries with a percentage of 68.3% of its citizens being overweight (BMI>25).