Atoms are the basic units of all matter Protons Neutrons 0 Electrons Atoms are composed of 3 subatomic particles An atom is the smallest particle of an element Elements ID: 783554
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Slide1
Slide2Atoms and Elements
Chapter 6: The Chemistry of Life
Slide3Atoms are the basic units of all matter.
Slide4Protons
(+)
Neutrons
(0
)
Electrons (-)
Atoms are composed of 3 sub-atomic particles:
Slide5An atom is the smallest particle of an element.
Elements
Slide6An element is a substance that can not be broken down into simpler chemical substances.
Slide7Everything is made of substances called elements.
Slide8Each element is identified by a one- or two-letter abbreviation called a symbol.
Slide9Atomic number
The atomic number is equal to the number of protons that an atom has.
Ex. Silver has an atomic number of 47 and therefore has 47 protons
Slide10Atoms always contain the same number of protons and electrons
Atomic # = protons = electrons
Slide11Atomic Mass
The atomic mass is the number of protons and neutrons added together.
How do you figure how many neutrons there are?
Atomic mass - atomic number = number of neutrons!
Slide12The
Fab
Five Elements
In Biology this year, we will be focusing on 5 main elements.
They are…
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus
Slide13Notice just how much of the human body they compose
That’s
96.8%
of your total body composition!
Slide14Carbon
Atomic Number: 6
Atomic Mass: 12.01
Carbon is the basis for organic organisms as it occurs in all living things.
Makes up about 18% of human bodies
Examples: found in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
Slide15Carbon in Chemical Structures
Carbon is so common
in living organisms
that they can
sometimes be
omitted to save time. Anywhere there is a
corner without a letter,
that means a carbon is actually there.
Carbons are represented
By the letter C
Slide16Hydrogen
Atomic Number: 1
Atomic Mass: 1.01
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe
Makes up about 10% of human bodies
Examples: found in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
Slide17Hydrogen is represented
By the letter H
Hydrogen in Chemical Structures
Slide18Oxygen
Atomic Number: 8
Atomic Mass: 15.99
Animals and plants require Oxygen for respiration
Makes up about 65% of human bodies
Examples:
found in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
Slide19Oxygen in Chemical Structures
Oxygen is represented
By the letter O
Slide20Nitrogen
Atomic Number: 7
Atomic Mass: 14.01
Nitrogen gas (N
2
) makes up 78.1% of the volume of the Earth's air.
Makes up about 3% of human bodies
Examples:
found in proteins and nucleic acids
Slide21Nitrogen in Chemical Structures
Nitrogen is represented
By the letter N
Slide22Phosphorus
Atomic Number: 15
Atomic Mass: 30.97
Important for proper skeletal and nervous system function
Makes up about 1% of human bodies
Examples:
found in nucleic acids
Slide23Phosphorus in Chemical Structures
Phosphorus is represented
By the letter P
Slide24Directions: Label each of the
Fab
Five Elements in the chemical compound
(Adenosine Triphosphate
a.k.a ATP) below.
Slide25Directions: Label each of the
Fab Five Elements in the chemical compound
(glucose)
below.