Lesson 73 Fruit Nuts and Monkeys Principles of Agricultural Science Plant 3 Fruit Defined A fruit is a ripened ovary The wall of the ripened ovary is called a pericarp A pericarp has two or three layers ID: 707604
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The Role of Fruit
Unit 7 – Sexual Reproduction
Lesson 7.3 Fruit, Nuts, and Monkeys
Principles of Agricultural Science – PlantSlide3
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Fruit Defined
A fruit is a ripened ovary
The wall of the ripened ovary is called a
pericarp.A pericarp has two or three layers:Exocarp or
Epicarp
(skin or shell)
Mesocarp
(fleshy fruit)
Endocarp
(seedcoat)
Fruit are separated into two types:
Dry
FleshySlide4
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Common
Dry
FruitsAchene
– one-seeded, hard thin shell, such as a sunflower seedSlide5
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Common
Dry
Fruits (Continued)Grain – one-seeded, very thin seed covering, such as grasses and cereal grainsSlide6
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Common
Dry
Fruits (Continued)
Nut – hard-shelled one seeded fruit, such as a walnutSlide7
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Common
Dry
Fruits (Continued)Pod – legumes that have multiple seeds, such as peas and beansSlide8
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Common
Dry
Fruits (Continued)Samara – two-seeded winged fruit, such as from a maple treeSlide9
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Common
Fleshy
Fruits
Berry – one or more flesh covered carpels, such as a blueberry or pepperSlide10
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Common
Fleshy
Fruits (Continued)
Drupe or stone fruit – one-seeded, outer flesh covering, with hard endocarp layer, such as a peach or coconutSlide11
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Common
Fleshy
Fruits (Continued)Pepo
– tough outer covering with fleshy inside, such as melons and cucumbersSlide12
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Common
Fleshy
Fruits (Continued)Pome
– multiple seeds contained in the center of flesh surrounded by a thin outer skin, such as an apple or pearSlide13
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What function does fruit serve?
Protection for the seed
Provides nutrients to young seedling
Seed dispersalSlide14
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Seed Dispersal
Animals
Feed on fruit
Force
Seed pods burst or shatter
Insects
Carry seeds to burrows
Water
Rain and water bodies transport the seed, such as the coconut
Wind
Seeds have adapted special anatomical features to catch the wind, such as the dandelion
Plants use several dispersal mechanisms:Slide15
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What role does fruit play in agriculture?
Provides marketable products for human consumption
Assists with plant identification and classificationSlide16
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Career and SAE Opportunity
The USDA reports the following statistics for fruit and nut production in the United States for 2006.
Total fruit and nut production
30.2 million tons
Value of fruit and nut crops
$16.7 billion
US fruit consumption
per person
275.9 pounds
US nut consumption
per person
3.36 poundsSlide17
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References
Parker, R. (2010).
Plant and soil science: Fundamentals and applications
. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar.Schooley, J. (1997). Introduction to botany. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers.
United States Department of Agriculture. (2007).
Fruit and tree nuts situation and outlook yearbook 2007
. Retrieved February 11, 2008, from
http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/FTS/2007/Yearbook/FTS2007.pdf