ARTHROPODS - PowerPoint Presentation

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ARTHROPODSCHAPTER 26

MRS.BENDER’S BIOLOGYSlide2

CHARACTERISTICS

SEGMENTATION

ALLOWS FOR EFFICIENT AND COMPLEX MOVEMENTS

TWO OR THREE BODY PARTS

HEAD: MOUTHPARTS, EYES, ANTENNAE

THORAX: THE LEGS AND WINGS ARE ATTACHED

ABDOMEN: CONTAINS DIGESTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

CEPHALOTHORAX: FUSED HEAD AND THORAX

EXOSKELETON

PROVIDES FRAMEWORK FOR SUPPORT, PROTECTION SOFT TISSUE, SLOWS WATER LOSS, PLACE FOR MUSCLE ATTACHMENT

MADE OF CHITIN

VARIES IN THICKNESSSlide3

CHARACTERISTICS

JOINTED APPENDAGES

STRUCTURES LIKE LEGS AND ANTENNAE

ADAPTED FOR FEEDING, MATING, SENSING, WALKING AND SWIMMING

MOLTING

PROCESSES OF SHEDDING THE EXOSKELETON

MUST SHED AS THEY GROW

SECRETES A FLUID TO SOFTEN THE OLD WHILE FORMING THE NEWSlide4

BODY STRUCTURES

FEEDING

MANDIBLES ADAPTED FOR BITING AND CHEWING

MODIFIED: FEATHERY STRAINERS, NEEDLE FOR STABBING, CUTTING SWORDS, SUCKING STRAWS

HERBIVORES, OMNIVORES, PARASITES

DIGESTION

A COMPLETE ONE-WAY SYSTEM WITH A MOUTH, GUT, AND ANUS

GLANDS WHICH PRODUCE ENZYMESSlide5

BODY STRUCTURES

RESPIRATION

AQUATIC ARTHROPODS

GILLS TO EXCHANGE GASES THROUGH DIFFUSION

Crayfish, crabs, lobsters

TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODS

Tracheal tubes

Air enters through the spiracles, openings located on the side of the abdomen, then travel through the tubes until it reaches the muscles.

insects

Book lungs

Highly folded sac like membranes which take in air which is then transferred through the tubes.

spidersSlide6

Body structures

Circulation

Not used to carry oxygen

Used to transport nutrients and removes wastes

Blood is pumped by a heart into vessels which carry blood to the tissue, then blood empties into open spaces then is returned to the heart

Known as open circulatory system

Excretion

Cellular wastes removed through

Malpighian

tubules, also used to preserve water

Malphighian

tubules are attached to and empty into the gut and remove undigested wastes

Some have

nephridia

to remove cellular wastesSlide7

Respond to stimuli

Ganglia- groups of nerve cell bodies which take in messages and send back signals to

responD

Vision

Compound eyes with many facets, helps to analyze quick changing environments

Detect movement of prey, mates, predators

See color

Simple eyes

Three to eight with one lens

Distinguishes light from dark

Hearing

typanum

- flattened membrane used for hearing

Chemicals

Pheromones- used to communicate

Signal mates and feedingSlide8

Body structures

Movement

Crawl, run, climb, dig, swim, fly

Muscles attach to exoskeleton

Strength of muscle depends on nerve impulses

Reproduction

Sexually

Have specialized structures

Few are hermaphrodites and undergo cross fertilization like barnacles

Brood or incubate but do not care for their young, some do care or young: bees and few spidersSlide9

crustaceans

Crabs, shrimps, lobsters, crayfish, barnacles

Characteristics

Most aquatic

Two pair of antennae

Two compound eyes, often on the tips of slender moveable stalks

Mandibles or chewing, open and close side to side

Free swimming larval stage called a

nauplis

Most have five pairs of legs

Chelipads

first pair, large claws used to catch and crush food

Four pairs of walking legs used for locomotion

Swimmerets, short legs used for reproduction and during swimmingSlide10

arachnida

SPIDERS, TICKS, MITES, SCORPIONS

TWO BODY SECTIONS: CEPHALOTHORAX AND ABDOMEN

FOUR PAIR WALKING LEGS

NO ANTENNAE

CHELICERAE- MODIFIED FANGS OR PINCERS USUALLY ATTACHED TO POISON SACK

ONLY POISONOUS SPIDER U.S. IS BLACK WIDOW AND BROWN RECLUSE

PEDIPALPS-USED FOR SENSING AND HOLDING PREY, REPRODUCTION IN MALE SPIDERS, AND PINCERS IN SCORPIONSSlide11

ARACHNIDIA

SPIDERS

CARNIVORES BY HUNTING OR CATCHING PREY

SPINNERETS- STRUCTURE IN WHICH SILK IS SECRETED FOR SPINNING WEBS, LOCATED ON ABDOMEN

WRAP FOOD IN SILKEN COCOON UNTIL READY TO EAT

DIGESTION BEGINS EXTERNALLY BY SECRETING DIGESTIVE ENZYMES INTO PREY

AFTER LIQUIDIFICATION, SOFTEN FOOD IS INGESTED

REPRODUCTION

MALE DEPOSITS SPERM AND STORED IT IN THE CAVITY ON HIS PEDIPALPSSlide12

ARACHNIDIA

SCORPIONS

CARNIVORES, FEED ON INSECTS, SPIDERS AND SMALL VERTEBRATES

CAPTURE WITH THE PEDIPALPS AND TEAR APART WITH CHELICERAE

NOCTURNAL

MOST IN U.S. NOT POISONOUS TO HUMANS BUT STING IS PAINFUL

TICKS

PARASITES

CARRY DISEASE CAUSING ORGANISMS

MITES

PREDATORS OR PARASITES

HORSHOE CRAB

ANCESTORS WHICH ARE MARINESlide13

INSECTA

30 MILLION SPECIES

80% ARTHROPODS ARE INSECTS

TERRESTRIAL LIVING IN ALL ENVIRONMENTS

HARD EXOSKELETON PROTECTS THEM FROM PREDATORS AND DRYING OUT

REPRODUCTION LARGE NUMBERSSlide14

INSECTA EXTERNAL FEATURES

THREE BODY PARTS

HEAD

CONTAINS ANTENNAE, COMPOUND EYES, SIMPLE EYES, MOUTHPARTS

THORAX

THREE PAIRS OF LEGS

GENERALLY TWO PAIR OF WINGS

ABDOMEN

CONTAINS DIGESTION ORGANS

CONTAINS REPRODUCTIVE ORGANSSlide15

INSECTA ADAPTATIONS

LEGS

CLAWS FOR DIGGING

STICKY PADS TO WALK UPSIDE DOWN

COLLECTION OF POLLEN

JUMPING

SKIMMING OVER WATER

MOUTHPARTS

SIPHONING; FEEDING TUBE UNCOILS AND EXTENDED TO SUCK : BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS

SPONGING; FLESHY END OF MOUTH ACTS LIKE A SPONGE; HOUSE FLIES

PIERCING/SUCKING; NEEDLE LIKE TUBE PIERCE AND SUCKS: MOSQUITOES, FLEAS, LEAFHOPPERS

CHEWING; MANDIBLE PIERCES OR CUTS, OTHER PARTS BRING FOOD TO MOUTH: BEETLES, ANTS,BEES, GRASSHOPPERSSlide16

INSECTA ADAPTATIONS

ONLY INVERTEBRATES THAT CAN FLY

WINGS

FORMED FROM THIN MEMBRANE OF CHITIN

RIGID VEIN THAT GIVE STRENGTH

BUTTERFLY AND MOTH WINGS COVERED WITH SCALES

ROTATE IN FIGURE 8 TO FLY

SENSE ORGANS

ANTENNAE AND EYES

HAIRLIKE STRUCTURES SENSITIVE TO TOUCH, PRESSURE, VIBRATION AND ODOR

CHEMICAL RECEPTORS FOR TASTE AND SMELL LOCATED ON MOUTH PARTSSlide17

metamorphosis

Series of changes

Complete metamorphosis

4 stages

Egg…..larva…..pupa…..adult

Wormlike larva is called a caterpillar

Pupa is a non feeding stage

Incomplete metamorphosis

3 stages

Egg….nymph……adult

Nymph is the immature form of adult without wingsSlide18

Insect societies

Caste is a group of individuals within a society that perform a specific task

Bees

Workers: females that do not reproduce…gather nectar and pollen…build honeycomb…care for young…guard the hive

Drones: reproductive males, die after mating

Queen: only reproductive femaleSlide19

Insects and humans

Needs for pollination

Produce honey and silk

Serve as food for animals

Prey on plant pests

Harmful as parasites and

carry disease