Erik Erikson’s Stages of Development - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Erik Erikson’sStages of Development

P

resentation and Study by

Elizabeth EatonSlide2

Life of Erik Erikson (1902-1994)Born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1902Raised by mother and stepfather, Dr. HomburgerWandered Europe after high schoolStudied child psychoanalysis with Anna FreudMarried Joan Serson at age 27Forced to leave Europe in 1933, moved to US

First child analyst in Boston, MA

Studied normal development of

children across culturesHeld positions at Yale, the University of California, and HarvardDied as a professor at Harvard University in 1994Slide3

Erikson’s Interest in IdentityStruggle to find his own identityDid not know his fatherAdopted stepfather’s last nameDid not resemble his parentsDid not do well in high school

Went through a

moratorium

Creation of his own identityBegan studying the work of Sigmund Freud

Built on Freud’s stages of development

Changed name from Erik Homburger to Erik H. EriksonSlide4

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)Born in Moravia, 1856Studied neurology and psychologyFounder of psychoanalysisFree associationTheorized about

The Unconscious

Dreams

Psychosexual DevelopmentSlide5

Freud’s Psychosexual StagesFreud believed that a person’s identity was set by the time they were an adult, and that it was governed by the outcome of five developmental stages:Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and GenitalIn each stage, the child’s libido is focused on an

erogenous zone

. If the child is over or under stimulated in a stage, he or she may develop neurotic behavior relating to that stage’s part of the body. Examples of neurotic traits would be having an oral fixation or being anal retentive.Slide6

Erikson’s vs Freud’s Theory of DevelopmentErik Eriksonpsychosocial8 stagesgeneral

Sigmund Freud

psychosexual

5

stages

specific

(more adorable than Freud)Slide7

Erikson’s Stages of DevelopmentErikson’s First Stage of DevelopmentAge: Birth to 1 yearConflict: Basic Trust vs Basic MistrustCore ego strength: HopeFreud’s stage: Oral

“Can I trust the world?”Slide8

Erikson’s Stages of DevelopmentErikson’s Second Stage of DevelopmentAge: 1 to 3 yearsConflict: Autonomy vs Shame and DoubtCore ego strength: WillFreud’s stage: Anal

“Is it okay to be me?”Slide9

Erikson’s Stages of DevelopmentErikson’s Third Stage of DevelopmentAge: 3 to 6 yearsConflict: Initiative vs GuiltCore ego strength: PurposeFreud’s stage: Phallic

“Is it okay for me to do, move, and act?”Slide10

Erikson’s Stages of DevelopmentErikson’s Fourth Stage of DevelopmentAge: 6 to 11 yearsConflict: Industry vs InferiorityCore ego strength: CompetenceFreud’s stage: Latency

“Can I make it in the world of people and things?”Slide11

Erikson’s Stages of DevelopmentErikson’s Fifth Stage of DevelopmentAge: AdolescenceConflict: Identity vs Role ConfusionCore ego strength: FidelityFreud’s stage: Genital

“Who am I? Who can I be?”Slide12

Erikson’s Stages of DevelopmentErikson’s Sixth Stage of DevelopmentAge: Young AdulthoodConflict: Intimacy vs IsolationCore ego strength: LoveFreud’s stage: Genital

“Can I love?”Slide13

Erikson’s Stages of DevelopmentErikson’s Seventh Stage of DevelopmentAge: AdulthoodConflict: Generativity vs StagnationCore ego strength: CareFreud’s stage: Genital

“Can I make my life work?”Slide14

Erikson’s Stages of DevelopmentErikson’s Eighth Stage of DevelopmentAge: Old AgeConflict: Ego Integrity vs DespairCore ego strength: WisdomNo equivalent stage for Freud

“Is it okay to have been me?”Slide15

My StudyQuestionsIs Erikson’s theory really observable in a small child?What specific behaviors outlined in Erikson’s second stage does a child of that age exhibit?Does a child in Erikson’s second stage exhibit behaviors from the first or third stage?

Hypothesis

I will be able to observe evidence that a child between one and three years of age is going through Erikson’s second stage of development, as opposed to the first stage or third stage.Slide16

Method (Participants and Activities)Case study of one child, 21 months of ageObservation conducted in the presence of Mom, Nana, and PapaObservation lasted about 1 hourActivities were chosen by Mom and the grandparents and includedA brief walkPlay timeMeal timeSlide17

Method (Rubric for Erikson’s Stages 1-3)Stage 1Sucking

Biting

Unable to walk or sit up

Stage 2

Feeding self

Grabbing / Picking up

Likes to walk on own

“No!” “Mine!”

Throwing / Placing

Able to sit up on own

Stage 3

“Why?”

Intrusive curiosity

Efficient at walkingSlide18

Results (Rubric for Erikson’s Stages 1-3)Stage 1Sucking

Biting

Unable to walk or sit up

Stage 2

Feeding self

Grabbing / Picking up

Likes to walk on own

“No!” “Mine!”

Throwing / Placing

Able to sit up on own

Stage 3

“Why?”

Intrusive curiosity

Efficient at walkingSlide19

ObservationsStage 1Stage 2

Child repeatedly puts fingers in mouth and sucks on them

Child feeds self with hands, spoon and holds sippy cup to feed self juice

Child picks up decorative items, moves them to another location, places them. Child stacks blocks.

Child walks and climbs by self. When child falls, picks self up.Slide20

ConclusionAnswersIs Erikson’s theory really observable in a small child? Yes!What specific behaviors outlined in Erikson’s second stage does a child of that age exhibit

?

Feeding self, grabbing, likes to walk on own, throwing, able to sit up on own.

Does a child in Erikson’s second stage exhibit behaviors from the first or third stage?

This child exhibited one trait from the first stage, sucking.

Hypothesis

I will be able to observe evidence that a child between 1 and 3 years of age is going through Erikson’s second stage of development as opposed to the first stage or third stage

.

Confirmed!Slide21

LimitationsSmall sample (just 1 child)Did not observe potty trainingRubric was self madeSlide22

SourcesCrain, W. (2000). Theories of Development (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Prentice HallErikson, E. H. (1950).

Childhood and Society

(2

nd ed.). New York: W. W. Norton.Erikson, E. H. (1959/1980).

Identity and the Life Cycle

. New York: W. W. Norton.

Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and Crisis. New York: W. W. Norton.

Freud, S. (1959).

The Question of Lay Analysis.

Trans. Strachey, J. (1978). New York: W. W. Norton.

Hoare,

C. H.

(

2002).

Erikson

on Development in Adulthood: New Insights from the Unpublished Papers.

Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 7–12

.

Macnow,

A. S.,

ed. (2014). MCAT Behavioral Science Review. New

York:

Kaplan Publishing. p.

220.