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Standard 3 Transportation Airlines How popular is air travel In times of peace approximately 8 million people take a plane trip each day Wright b rothers first p lane 1903 Passenger travel on planes 1919 ID: 568690 Download Presentation
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Presentation on theme: "Hospitality and Tourism"— Presentation transcript
Slide1
Hospitality and TourismStandard 3
Transportation: AirlinesSlide2
How popular is air travel?
In times of peace, approximately 8 million people take a plane trip each day.Slide3
Wright
b
rother’s first
plane: 1903
Passenger travel on planes: 1919
Charles Lindberg crossed Atlantic: 1927Jet service: 1952Federal Aviation Act: 1958Created FAA (Federal Aviation Administration)Airline Deregulation Act: 1978Allowed for competition
Air Transportation HistorySlide4
United States Air Travel
In the United States, the airlines are PRIVATELY owned!Slide5
Airline Codes
American Airlines – AA
Alaska Airlines – AS
Continental Airlines – CO
Delta Airlines – DL
Hawaiian Airlines – HAUnited Airlines - UASouthwest Airlines – WNSlide6
Key Aviation Terms
Slots
– The time a plane can land, be at a gate, and take off
Scheduled Service
– Flights made over regularly flown routes according to a published timetable
Nonscheduled Flights – Planes hired to fly to a particular place at a time specified by the customer – also could be a charter flightSlide7
Key Aviation Terms
Minimum Connecting Time
– the amount of time a reservationist must leave in between 2 flights to allow passengers and baggage to transfer from the first plane to the secondSlide8
Contract of Common Carriage
The carrier’s obligation to provide transportation as promised and the statement of the limit of liability for loss and damage claim if it does not fulfill its part of the bargain.Slide9
An airline network formed by a hub (large airport) and spokes (smaller airports)
Centralized operations
Most major airlines have one or more “hubs”
Passengers fly from “hub” to “spokes” and from “spokes” to “hub” to connect to other cities.It saves the airlines money
A
fortress hub is an airline-dominated airport.American = Dallas/Fort WorthDelta = AtlantaSouthwest = Dallas-Love FieldContinental = HoustonNorthwest = MinneapolisUnited = Chicago
Hub-and-Spoke SystemSlide10Slide11
Key Flight Terms
Nonstop Flights
– A flight form origin to destination with no intermediate stops
Direct/Through Flights
– A flight from origin to destination with one or more intermediate stops
Connection Flights – A flight from origin to destination with one or more intermediate stops where the passenger must change planesSlide12
Key Flight Terms
One-way Trip
– A trip from origin to destination with no return to origin
Round Trip
– A trip from origin to destination with return to origin. Flights follow same route and use same carrier.
Circle Trip – Same as round trip except one flight will follow a different route or use a different carrier
Open Jaw – A round trip where the passenger either departs for return trip from a different airport or returns to a different airport.Slide13
Tickets: Ticketless travel is known as e-tickets. Some airlines still issue paper tickets.
Check-in: Lets the airline know a passenger has arrived. Baggage is often weighed and checked-in.
Boarding passes: Can be obtained at the airline counter near the terminal entrance.
Gate Agent: Controls boarding procedures, usually about 20-30 minutes before flight time
Ticket lift: At some point, tickets are collected by the airline, to account for passengers
BoardingSlide14
Baggage
Baggage Options:
Checked
– Bags are checked during the check in process. Must be within weight and size restrictions. Fees could apply.
Most airlines are now charging a baggage fee.
Example - $25 for 1 checked bagHow much luggage is estimated that the airlines lose each day?Fewer than 1% of nearly 3 million bagsCarry-On – Must meet size restrictions - be able to fit in overhead bins or under the seat. Must meet all security restrictions.Slide15
Security
Airport security is controlled by the government
TSA
Passengers walk through detectors
Possessions are put on a conveyor belt that goes through an x-ray machine
Checked luggage is screened as wellSlide16
Source: http://www.tsa.gov/311/
Carry-on LiquidsSlide17
Aviation JobsSlide18
Airport Manager
The duties of an airport manager:
Enforcing aviation rules and regulations
Planning and supervising maintenance and safety programs
Negotiating leases
Administering the budgetPromoting the airport’s useTraining and supervising employeesMaintaining good community relationsSlide19
Skycap
Skycaps do curbside check-in
They also process your luggage
Can people use a Skycap when flying international?
No, they must pass through customsSlide20
Airplane Ground Services
Cleaning the cabin
Putting food and beverages from the flight kitchen on to the plane
Pumping drinking water aboard
Unloading and reloading baggage, cargo, and mail
Making a mechanical checkFueling the planeBoarding the passengersSlide21
Pilots and Crew
Pilots have a daily flight limitation of 10 hours for a two-person crew.
Flight crews may not exceed a maximum of 40 flight hours during any seven consecutive days.
Each must have a 24-hour rest period during any seven consecutive day period.Slide22
Flight Attendants
Preflight – Weather conditions and potential passenger problems at briefings. Checking supplies and equipment on board, greeting passengers, assisting passengers, seat belts, and safety briefings.
In-flight – Distribute pillows and blankets, serve drinks and meals, assist passengers, secure cabin, and handle medical emergenciesSlide23
Flight Attendants
Post-flight – Writing reports, reporting money, lost and found articles, medical emergencies, equipment needing attention
Flight attendants fly from 75 to 85 hours a month, plus they have about 50 hours a month duty time between flights.Slide24
Air Traffic Controller
Job duties of an air traffic controller
To keep airplanes flying safe in the sky
To keep airplanes away from each other
A stressful job
High payingSlide25
ProductPrice
Place
Promotion
Airline Marketing MixSlide26
3 Most common commercial aircraft used
Airbus
Capable of long-range travel
A318, A319, A321- most common A330/340- holds up to 525 passengers
A380- double decker- up to 853 passengers
BoeingCapable to long-range travel757- single aisle- up to 149 passengers767- extended range- single aisle- up to 245 passengers777- extended range- two aisle- up to 440 passengersMcDonnell Douglas (owned by Boeing)Focuses on short and mid-range aircraftMD-80 most popular- between 137-172 passengers
Product: Planes and SeatsSlide27
Seats
First Class
– Located at the front of the plane. Wider seats, more padding, extra space between rows. Built-in electronics (new). Board and deplane first. Movie and alcohol free. Meals.
Business Class
– Scaled down from first class. More room and comfort than coach. Service comparable to first class.
Coach Class – Seated in rear of plane. Narrow seats, close together. Overhead bins limited. Movies and alcohol cost.Slide28
Pitch is the distance from the front of one seat to the front of the seat behind.
Bulkhead seats are seats immediately behind the wall that separates coach from first class.
All U.S. flights are non-smoking.
Airplane Key TermsSlide29
Price
Price is the most important factor when buying a travel product
Southwest is the USA’s largest low-fare carrierSlide30
How Are Fares Determined?
The Actual Cost of Service
Marketing Decisions
Route Assignment
Mileage
ClassAdd-onsStopoversMaximum Permitted (MPM)Profit MotivesSlide31
Income or Expenses
Airlines largest source of income –
PASSENGER REVENUE
Airline Revenue from Business Travelers –
66%
Airline Expenses:Planes Labor Landing feesFuel
Passenger meals
Advertising
Commission
MaintenanceSlide32
Airport Revenue
Traffic Operations
Airport Concessions
Parking LotsSlide33
Consolidators
Consolidators are high-volume ticket sellers who contract with carriers to consolidate or sell at reduced rates, airlines’ excess inventory – seats that would otherwise fly empty.Slide34
Yikes!!! Look at those PRICES!
The times when discounted fares are not available, occurring during holidays and peak-season are known as
BLACKOUT PERIODS
!Slide35
“What do you mean it is Overbooked?”
How do no-shows affect an airline?
Empty seats
Lost income
Airlines overbook to keep all planes full at the time of flight
Voluntary Denied Boarding CompensationPeople give up their seats in return for a seat on the next available flight and some financial compensationSlide36
Place: Airport
How many airports are there
?
There are 17,000 airports in the United States
700 airports actually have facilities to handle passenger planesSlide37
Airports
Airports have two names:
Name of Airport
3-Letter Airport Code
JFK
ATLLAXORDSLCSlide38
Airport Facts
What airport is within a 90-minute flight of more than 50% of the U.S. and Canadian populations?
Pittsburgh (PIT)
What is North America’s largest-in-area airport?
Denver (DEN)
What airport is designed to handle as many as 250,000 arriving passengers a day?Atlanta- Hartsfield-Jackson -ATLSlide39
Busy Airports
The United States accounts for more than 1/3 of the world’s aircraft activity.
Of the world’s 30 busiest airports, 11 are in the United States.
Busiest Airports:
1. Hartsfield- Jackson (ATL)
5. Los Angeles Int’l (LAX)8. O’Hare (ORD)9. Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW)19. Denver (DEN)
21. John F. Kennedy Int’l (JFK)
23.
Phoenix Sky Harbor (PHX)
24. Miami (MIA)
25. San Francisco (SFO)
27. Charlotte Douglas (CLT)
28. McCarran (LAS)Slide40
Airport Information
Airways are numbered just like highways on the ground.
The FAA are airway patrollers to keep things running smoothly in the air and in the airports.
The control tower is the nerve center of the airport.
The top of the tower is the cab.
Terminals are the buildings used by passengers in their procession from ground to air.Slide41
Promotion
Frequent Flyer
Programs:
An airline marketing strategy, that helps airlines to make a profit as well as build loyalty.
American –
AAdvantage ProgramJetBlue – TrueBlueDelta – Sky MilesSouthwest – Rapid RewardsUnited – Mileage PlusSlide42
American Airlines – Admirals ClubDelta Airlines – Sky Club
United Airlines – United Club
Airline Executive ClubsSlide43
Advantages of being a member of an Airline Executive Club:
Check-in services
Stow luggage
Local calls
Bathrooms
TVsNewspapersDrinksSnacksMeeting roomsAirline Executive Clubs