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Marijuana Trends - PowerPoint Presentation

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Marijuana Trends - PPT Presentation

November 13 2014 MAPPA Members Presenter Cynthia Shifler ATOD Prevention Coordinator Wicomico County Health Department Marijuana Facts It is addictive 1 in 6 teens and 1 in 10 adults who try marijuana become addicted to it ID: 254848

permission marijuana sam sabet marijuana permission sabet sam copyright kevin edibles source colorado health increased thc medical related 2011

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Slide1

Marijuana Trends

November 13, 2014

MAPPA Members

Presenter: Cynthia Shifler, ATOD Prevention Coordinator, Wicomico County Health Department Slide2

Marijuana Facts

It is addictive

1 in 6 teens and 1 in 10 adults who try marijuana become addicted to it.

The adolescent brain is especially susceptible to marijuana use.

When kids use, they have a greater chance of addiction since their brains are being primed.

Source: Anthony, J.C. Warner, L.A., & Kessler,R.C. (1994); Giedd, J. N., 2004Slide3

Dependence on or Abuse of Specific Illicit Drugs

Persons 12 or Older, 2008

Drugs:

126 Sedatives

175 Inhalants

282 Heroin

351 Stimulants

358 Hallucinogens

451 Tranquilizers

1,411 Cocaine

1,716 Pain Relievers

4,199 Marijuana

Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2009), Office of Applied Studies, Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 2009 Discharges from Substance Abuse Treatment Services

Copyright Kevin Sabet and SAM. Use with permissionSlide4

Increased Potency

Today’s marijuana is not the marijuana of the 1960’s.

In the past 15 years, marijuana potency has tripled and since 1960 it’s grown 5 times stronger.

Source: Mehmedic.et.al., (2010)

Copyright Kevin Sabet and SAM. Use with permission.Slide5

ER Admission Rates Rising

Cannabis-related emergency hospital admission rates have been rising sharply in the U.S.

From an estimated 16,251 in 1991 to over 374,000 in 2008

Source: SAMHSA, 2011Slide6

Marijuana Facts

Marijuana is unsafe if you are behind the wheel of a car

Most common illegal drug involved in auto fatalities

Found in the blood of around 14% of drivers who die in accidents, often in combination with alcohol and other drugs

Copyright Kevin

Sabet

and SAM. Use with permission.

www.drugabuse.gov/Slide7

Marijuana Facts

Marijuana affects a number of skills required for safe driving

Alertness

Concentration

Coordination

Reaction Time

Hard to judge distances and react to signals and sounds on the road

Combining with alcohol (even a small amount) greatly increases driving danger

State law sets 5 nanograms of active THC in the blood as the legal limit for driving.www.drugabuse.gov/Slide8

Marijuana Facts

Marijuana is linked to school failure

Negative effects on attention, memory, and learning can last for days and sometimes weeks – especially if you use it often

Students who smoke marijuana tend to get lower grades and are more likely to drop out of high school

Linked with unemployment, social welfare dependence

Lower self-reported quality of life

Source: Fergusson, D.M. and Boden, J.M., 2008

Copyright Kevin Sabet and SAM. Use with permission.Slide9

Marijuana Facts

It can lower your IQ if you smoke it regularly in your teen years

Persistent and heavy use among adolescents reduces IQ by 6-8 points

According to a government survey, youth with poor academic results are more than four times likely to have used marijuana in the past year than youth with an average of higher grades.

Source: Meier, M.H. et al., 2012; MacLeod, J., et al., 2004.

Copyright Kevin Sabet and SAM. Use with permission.Slide10

Marijuana use is linked to low productivity and job performance

Employee marijuana use is linked with increased:

Absences

Tardiness

Accidents

Worker’s Compensation Claims

Job Turnover

Source: NIDA, 2011

Copyright Kevin Sabet and SAM. Use with permission.Slide11

Marijuana Facts

High doses of marijuana can cause psychosis or panic when you’re high

Increased risk of mental illness

Schizophrenia (6 fold)

Psychosis

Depression

Anxiety

www.drugabuse.gov/

Source: AndreassonS., Allebeck P., Engstrom A., Rydberg U., 1987; Areseneault, L., 2002

Copyright Kevin Sabet and SAM. Use with permission.Slide12

Health Related Effects

Increased heart rate

Our heart beats 70 to 80 beats per minute

May increase by 20-50 beats per minute or may even double in some cases

Rapid or Irregular heart beat

Heart Failure

Some evidence that a person’ s risk of a heart attack during the first hour after smoking marijuana is four times his or her usual risk.

This is explained by marijuana raising blood pressure and heart rate and reducing the blood’s capacity to carry oxygen

Source: Tetrault, J.M., 2007

Copyright Kevin

Sabet

and SAM. Use with permissionSlide13

Other Health Related Effects

Chest pain

Respiratory failure

Harmful effects on the lungs

Marijuana smoke is an irritant to the lungs

Results in greater prevalence of:

Bronchitis

Cough

Phlegym ProductionNauseaAbdominal painStrokes

Source: Tetrault, J.M., 2007

Copyright Kevin Sabet and SAM. Use with permissionSlide14

Other Health Related Effects

Seizures

Headaches

Cancer

It contains 50-70 percent more carcinogens and irritants than tobacco smoke

Evidence linking marijuana and cancer is mixed

This is due to the way it is smoked which exposes the lungs longer to carcinogenic smoke (over 400 chemicals/with 60 cannabinoides)

However, marijuana smoke contains an enzyme that converts hydrocarbons into a cancer-causing form.

Source: Hoffman, D., et al., 1975; Brambilla, C., & Colonna, M., 2008; Bello, D., 2006; Tashkin, D.P., 1999

Copyright Kevin Sabet and SAM. Use with permission.Slide15

Smoked/Eaten Marijuana is Medicine

Marijuana has medical properties, but we don’t need to smoke or eat it!

We don’t smoke opium to derive the benefits of morphine.

So we don’t need to smoke marijuana to receive its potential benefits.

A distinction must be made between raw, crude marijuana and marijuana’s components.

Copyright Kevin Sabet and SAM. Use with permission.Slide16

Is Marijuana Medicine?

No: smoked or inhaled raw marijuana is not medicine

Yes: there are marijuana based pills available and other medications coming soon.

Research is ongoing.

Copyright Kevin Sabet and SAM. Use with permission.Slide17

Marijuana has medicinal properties

Studies show that components or constituents within marijuana have medical value.

For instance, dronabinol (also known as Marinol) contains lab-made THC and is widely available at pharmacies as capsules to treat nausea/vomiting from cancer chemotherapy.

Copyright Kevin Sabet and SAM. Use with permission.Slide18

Marijuana-based medicines

Sativex is in the process of being studied in the USA.

THC:CBD = 1.1

Cannabidiol

(

CBD

) is one of at least 85

active cannabinoids identified in

cannabis.[4] It is a major

phytocannabinoid

, accounting for up to 40% of the plant's extract.

[5]

CBD is considered to have a wider scope of medical applications than

tetrahydrocannabinol

(THC).

[5]

An orally-administered liquid containing CBD has received

orphan drug

status in the US, for use as a treatment for

dravet syndrome

, under the brand name

Epidiolex

.

[6]

Copyright Kevin Sabet and SAM. Use with permission.Slide19

Marijuana-based medicines

It

is

administered via an oral mouth spray

Already approved in Canada and Europe

Also, Epidiolex, pure CBD, no

THC

Copyright Kevin

Sabet

and SAM. Use with permission.Slide20

Average medical marijuana patients

Profile:

32-year old white male

History of alcohol and substance abuse

No history of life-threatening illnesses

87.9% had tried marijuana before age 19

75% of Caucasian patients had used cocaine and 50% had used methamphetamine in their lifetime.

Source: O”Connell, T.J. & Bou-Matar, C.B., 2007

Copyright Kevin Sabet and SAM. Use with permission.Slide21

Dabbing

BHO (Butane Hash Oil)

is produced by one of two methods: “open” or “closed." The open method involves packing a stainless steel tube with marijuana and "blasting" the tube with butane (an extraction solvent). The resulting extract—a thick, yellow-orange oil—trickles out onto a pan. This method can be dangerous: 

FEMA reports

 increasing incidents of explosions across the US caused by clumsy hash oil production attempts.

Copyright Kevin

Sabet

and SAM. Use with permission.Slide22

Dabbing

The closed system, a safer method, uses a machine called

abutane oil extractor

—which is also used to perform oil extraction

from botanical

herbs like lavender and mint to produce aromatics, infusions, and tinctures. Consuming BHO is known as "dabbing," and usually involves the user touching the concentrate onto a heated surface (like a nail) and inhaling its vapors. 

Copyright Kevin

Sabet

and SAM. Use with permission.Slide23

Dabbing

Dabbing comes with potential health dangers, including inhalation of "dirty"

butane.

Another risk is ingesting harmful contaminants that may have been infused into the concentrate during the extraction process, like pesticides, herbicides and fungi.

Copyright Kevin

Sabet

and SAM. Use with permission.Slide24

Vaping MarijuanaSlide25

Vaping Marijuana

A way to use marijuana without anyone smelling it

Some E-Cigarettes can be used for liquid hash oil, etc.

Dangerous if children obtain access to itSlide26

What has occurred to change how society views Marijuana?Slide27

What have been the results?

Medical Marijuana

Decriminalization

LegalizationSlide28

National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws

Formation of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML)

The mission of the NORML Business Network [NBN] is to encourage the development of responsible, sustainable enterprises that seek to serve their community and set a positive example for the growing cannabis industry. The NBN highlights new and growing marijuana-related business partners that have shown a commitment to responsible consumer engagement, environmental protection, and to using their business as a platform for social change.Slide29

Marijuana in Colorado

Impact of LegalizationSlide30

Colorado Youth Marijuana Use

In 2012, 10.47 percent of youth ages 12 to 17 were considered current marijuana users compared to 7.55 percent nationally. Colorado, ranked 4

th

in the nation, was 39 percent higher than the national average.

Drug related suspensions/expulsions increased 32 percent from school years 2008/2009 through 2012/2013. The vast majority were for marijuana violations.

Copyright Kevin

Sabet

and SAM. Use with permission.Slide31

Impaired Driving in Colorado

Traffic fatalities involving operators testing positive for marijuana have increased 100% from 2007 to 2012.

The majority of driving-under-the-influence of drugs arrests involve marijuana and 25-40% were marijuana alone.

Toxicology reports with positive marijuana results for driving under the influence have increased 16% from 2011 to 2013.

Copyright Kevin

Sabet

and SAM. Use with permission.Slide32

Colorado’s Emergency Room Marijuana Admissions

From 2011 through 2013, there was a 57 percent increase in marijuana related emergency room visits.

Hospitalizations related to marijuana have increased 82 percent from 2008 to 2013.

In 2012, the City of Denver rate for marijuana-related emergency visits was 45 percent higher than the rate in Colorado.

Copyright Kevin

Sabet

and SAM. Use with permission.Slide33

Only a small proportion of medical marijuana users report any serious illness

In Colorado, 2% reported cancer, less than 1% reported HIV/AIDS, and 1% reported glaucoma as their reason for using medical marijuana.

In Oregon, these numbers are less than 4%, 2% and 1% respectively.

Source: Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, 2011; Oregon Public Health Authority, 2011

Copyright Kevin Sabet and SAM. Use with permission.Slide34

Chronic Pain

Majority of medical marijuana users report using marijuana to treat ‘chronic or severe pain.’

96% in Colorado

91% in Oregon

93% in Montana

Source: Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, 2011; Oregon Public Health Authority, 2011; Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services, 2011

Copyright Kevin Sabet and SAM. Use with permission.Slide35

Medical Marijuana has led to increased use

Residents of states with medical marijuana laws have abuse/dependence rates almost twice as high as states with no such laws.

Source: Cerda, M., et al., 2012.

Copyright Kevin Sabet and SAM. Use with permission.Slide36

What have we learned from Colorado and Washington

Increased rates of drugging and driving

Increased marijuana poisonings of children

Increased ER visits due to marijuana edibles

Copyright Kevin

Sabet

and SAM. Use with permission.Slide37

Edibles

Booming business since marijuana has been legalized in Colorado

Halloween Edibles were found recently in Prince George’s County, Maryland

Philosophy: get them hooked young and you will have them for lifeSlide38

Edibles

THC amounts have to be written on the item

Found that the amounts do not reflect the reality

Edibles can have up to 99% THC

Copyright Kevin

Sabet

and SAM. Use with permission.Slide39

Edibles

New York Times Columnist ate candy bar in Colorado and ended up in the ER

Nothing on item to say that it was supposed to be eaten in 16 pieces

If she had eaten the entire thing, she probably would have died.

Copyright Kevin

Sabet

and SAM. Use with permission.Slide40

Edibles

New proposed rules for edibles

Child Proof Packaging

Clearly Printed Health Warning Labels

Strict THC limits for various serving sizes

Copyright Kevin

Sabet

and SAM. Use with permission.Slide41

Edibles

Many edible shops buy soft or hard candy in bulk

Then spray it with viscous hash oil

Once it dries there is no way to tell the difference between candy that is infused and candy that’s not infused

Best advice to parents: only give candy that comes from a recognized brand like Hershey, Haribo, Mars, etc.

Copyright Kevin

Sabet

and SAM. Use with permission.Slide42

Edibles

Serving Size of 10 milligrams of THC for marijuana edibles

A cookie with 65 milligrams is said to contain six and one-half servings

Copyright Kevin

Sabet

and SAM. Use with permission.Slide43

Two Deaths Due to Edibles

19 year old Wyoming college student who took a deadly leap off a Denver hotel on March 11 not long after eating edible marijuana.

There were 7.2 nanograms of active THC per milliliter of blood in the deceased student.

He consumed a marijuana cookie but no other drugs or alcohol

Copyright Kevin

Sabet

and SAM. Use with permission.Slide44

Two Deaths Due to Edibles

44year old Kristine Kirk, allegedly shot dead by her 47 year old husband Richard Kirk while she was reporting his psychotic behavior to a police 911 operator after he consumed marijuana candy.

Father of three stands accused of murder. He was also on pain killers at the time for his back.

Copyright Kevin

Sabet

and SAM. Use with permission.Slide45

EdiblesSlide46

More EdiblesSlide47

More Edibles