Paleolithic Age - PowerPoint Presentation

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Paleolithic Age“Old-stone”

Australopithecines – First upright hominids 3-4 mil yrs ago" Lucy"

Homo Sapiens – 120,000 yrs ago

Homo sapiens sapiens – 30,000 BCE, modern humans

Cross the Bearing Strait – 25,000 BCE Slide2

Here’s Lucy. Aint she beautiful?

Let’s put some skin on them bones!Slide3

Out of Africa

Homo Erectus left Africa; isolated; separate species from ex. Neanderthals

Homo sapiens sapiens originate in Africa

Spread - take over

Nomadic - Follow food

Men hunted, women

gatheSlide4

If DNA proves that we all come from one place (Africa)…

…then, why are people racist?

Think about these questions:

How are we all African Americans?

How are we all native Americans?Slide5
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Neolithic Age“New-stone”

8,000 – 5,000 BCE

Agriculture (Neolithic Revolution)

Most

important event in history

“When your food and security is taken care of, your culture will flourish.” – Mr. Brock

“People who quote themselves are super lame.” – Mr. Brock

Cities

Religion

Metal Tools Slide7

What is a civilization?

Food surplus

Advanced cities

Advanced technology

Skilled workers

Complex institutions – government, religion

System of writing/record keepingSlide8

Mesopotamia

‘birthplace of civilization’

Between Tigris and Euphrates

Modern day Iraq

Political and military organization 6,000 BCE Irrigation Slide9

Why are rivers where early civs

start?

River makes land nearby fertile with minerals. Slide10

Hammurabi

Reigned 1700s BCE

Babylonian Empire – Most of Mesopotamia

Centralized Bureaucracy

TaxesThe Code of HammurabiEye for eye

High class = less

punishmentSlide11
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Ancient Egypt

Begins 3100 BCE in Nile Delta

Writing – Hieroglyphics

Nile – Flows North 4,000 miles

Social structure= pyramid Slide13

Rosetta Stone, found in 1799, has the same text in three translations: hieroglyphic; demotic (another form of Egyptian writing); and classical Greek. Demotic was known then, and Greek very well-known by scholars.Slide14

Harappa

Indus River - 3000 BCE

Modern Pakistan (close to India)

Aryans –

European nomadsmigrated there

brought caste system

Controlled nativesSlide15

Caste System

Rigid social hierarchy

Caste = social level

1. Priests

2. Warriors3. Workers

Outside of the Caste System – Untouchables

Considered sub-human

Touch dead bodies/waste

Should not be touched or spoken to Slide16

Mesoamerica

Olmec – 1200 BCE - Mexico

Maya – 300-900 CE - Mexico

Aztec – 1100s CE – Mexico

Inca – 1400s CE - PeruStarted later becauseInhabited later

Bad geography (mountains/deserts)

No beasts of burden (pack animals)Slide17

Silk Road

Trade routes for India

’

s empires

Camel caravans - from China to India, Africa, and Europe

Luxury items

Exchange religion and cultureSlide18

Chinese Dynasties

Shang Dynasty

1st dynasty

Writing

Oracle Bones – questions carved

Zhou Dynasty

Mandate of Heaven – (can keep ruling if fair)

Qin Dynasty

Great Wall – kept out nomadsSlide19

Great Wall from SpaceSlide20

The Greeks

City states governed by polis

Homer – unidentified group that wrote

Odyssey

and

Iliad

?

Athens = source of Western culture

Invented dramaSlide21

Sparta and Athens

Sparta

All about war

Strict, men in military until 60

Isolated, oligarchy (two kings)

Athens

All about democracy

Direct democracy, all vote

Unified Greece

Lost to Sparta; Peloponnesian WarSlide22
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Alexander the Great

Conquered most of Mediterranean by age 20

Spread Greek empire furthest

Started Hellenistic (golden) Age

Slide24
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Philosophers

“

Love of wisdom,

”

rational thought

Wanted to explain nature without saying “the gods did it”

Socrates –Socratic Method. Suicide instead of trial for corrupting youth.

Plato

Aristotle Slide26

The Romans

Ruled by kings, then Republic

ppl elect ppl make laws

Patricians – upper class – land owners

Plebeians – lower class – poor, peasants

Senate – made laws (Patricians)

12 Tables – first set of Roman laws

Innocent until proven guilty

Right to defend self in courtSlide27

Roman Jews

Jews in Israel resistance Romans

Jesus of Nazareth born 1 CE-ish, small group of Jews proclaim Messiah

After Jesus

’

death in 33 CE, branch of Judaism developed into Christianity Slide28

Mali

Mali – Defeated Ghana, gold, salt trade

Mansa Musa - doubled size

Went to

mecca

, as Muslim

Brought tons (literally of gold)Slide29
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The Mongols

Largest land empire ever

Military unstoppable

Best with guns and horses

Golden Horde (best army) conquered Russia

Why didn

’

t they take over Europe?

Ogedei died. Return to Mongolia.

Why didn

’

t they take over Japan?

Huge storms (kamikaze) (divine winds) stop Mongols.Slide31

Important Mongols

Genghis Kahn (Grandpa) – started and spread empire

Ogedi Kahn (Son) – died in Poland

Kublai Kahn (Grandson) – Took China called it Yuan Dynasty

Fun fact, biological warfareSlide32
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Japanese Beginnings

Small tribes

600s, Yamamoto unites, divine ruler

800s civil war

Aristocrats hire samurai, military servants

Bushido – Samurai code (The way of the warrior)

Agricultural based, rice

Shinto – religion

Animistic – spirits in all things

Worshipped

kami

(spirits of ancestors)Slide34

European

Feudalism

Japanese Feudalism

King

Emperor

Lord

Daimyo

Knight

Samurai

Serfs

Peasants

Chivalry

BushidoSlide35

Motives for the Crusades

Motives

Muslim invasion of “Christian” territories

Knights

get penance for kill count or dying on a crusade

Pope Urban II sent knights on holy crusade to Middle East to reclaim the holy landsSlide36
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Influences Gained by European Interactions with Muslims

Muslims preserved Greek and Roman texts

Crusaders brought back texts

L

ead to Renaissance (cultural rebirth) Science, technological advancements, mathematical advancement, banking Slide38

Great Schism

Before 1054, Holy Roman Church and Eastern Orthodox Church together

Differences led to split

Only Orthodox priests could marry

Orthodox Bibles in Greek, not Latin

Iconoclasm – Pope outlawed praying to icons (pictures).

A

ngered E.O.

Pope (papa) and Patriarch of Constantinople excommunicated each other, caused rift, exists todaySlide39

IconsSlide40

Causes and Effects of the Black Plague

Bubonic Plague

Transmitted from Middle East by traders

Killed over 1/2 Europe’s pop.

Brought by Mongols on Silk Road

Rodents

, Fleas,

Bacteria

Human to Human

Loss

of faith in Church to protect people

Decline in Church power

Mass burials

Vampire rumors

Medical advancementsSlide41
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